Reimagining the role of hub airports as multimodal transport hubs in a sustainable future

Abstract

This paper explores the strategic importance of multimodality for airport hubs, especially considering sustainability goals that are pressuring airports to innovate. Although the European Commission (EC) has encouraged the transformation of airport hubs into multimodal transport hubs since 2011, most airport hubs prioritise aviation transfers over true multimodal connectivity. In response, Schiphol Airport has been taking active steps toward a multimodal future, supported by a collaborative PhD project with TU Delft, following an action research approach. Through iterative research cycles, this study reflects on Schiphol Airport’s efforts to address passenger needs and enhance multimodal services. The research includes cases focused on improving passenger experience in multimodal trips, developing a support system for rail/bus transfers, enhancing information services and conducting strategic sessions with key stakeholders. The findings show that creating a seamless multimodal travel experience requires attention to passenger needs for clear navigation, efficient hub facilities and consistent, real-time information throughout the journey. Reliable updates and knowledgeable staff enhance travellers’ confidence, while special transfer services and efficient coordination make the process smoother. Practical challenges persist, however, due to regulatory restrictions and the prioritisation of airline operations over multimodal initiatives. Achieving a robust multimodal system requires coordinated efforts across sectors and regulatory, infrastructural and service improvements. Overall, the findings highlight that long-term success in multimodal travel relies on deep collaboration and a shared vision among operators, hubs and mobility service providers, with the action research approach offering an effective way to facilitate this process by focusing on underlying needs and building trust among stakeholders.