Integrated fast-charging facility planning: a case study in Amsterdam

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Abstract

With the electrification in freight transportation, fast-charging facilities are crucial to support enroute charging for long-distance freight trips. The goal of this study is to develop an integrated fast-charging facility planning framework to prepare for the increasing enroute freight charging demand in the Netherlands. Based on highway traffic data, the travel temporal and spatial patterns of general traffic flow and freight flow are extracted and analyzed comparatively. The charging demand is derived from freight traffic data, and network evaluation based on graph theory is used to identify traffic nodes with significance in highway networks. A candidate selection method is proposed to obtain potential deployment locations for charging stations and to-go chargers. On this basis, a multi-period bi-objective optimization model with minimum investment cost and maximum demand coverage is proposed to find optimal solutions for charging facility planning. The case study is formulated based on the Amsterdam highway network. The results show that the proposed model can leverage the potential of early investment to increase the final demand coverage in the last planning horizon.