Home-Based sensing of the nervous system with clinical neurophysiology technologies
IFCN handbook chapter
Christian Sandøe Musaeus (Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet)
Pedro F. Viana (King’s College London, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust)
Mark Cook (University of Melbourne)
Jonas Duun-Henriksen (UNEEG Medical A/S)
Sándor Beniczky (Aarhus University, Danish Epilepsy Center)
Preben Kidmose (Aarhus University)
Bart Vanrumste (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)
Benjamin Filtjens (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Vector Institute, TU Delft - Transport and Logistics, KITE Research Institute)
Troels Wesenberg Kjaer (Aalborg University)
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Abstract
Background: Home-based neurophysiological monitoring is improving the assessment and management of neurological conditions such as epilepsy. Technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and accelerometry are increasingly integrated into wearable systems for at-home use. Due to an increasing amount of data from long-term monitoring, machine learning algorithms assist in automated data analysis. However, ensuring device accuracy, signal quality, and user compliance remains crucial for clinical useability. Objective: This chapter explores advances and challenges in at-home neurophysiological monitoring, with a primary focus on EEG systems and their applications. Content: The discussion highlights the technological advances and the challenges associated with at-home monitoring. The focus will be on EEG systems, as well as a discussion of EMG in epilepsy. Next, we will provide an overview of the clinical applications for home-based monitoring of epilepsy and sleep disorders. Lastly, we will briefly discuss emerging topics within home-based monitoring in movement disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion: Future advancements are expected with new generations of wearable systems capable of providing long-term monitoring with minimal maintenance. Beyond epilepsy and sleep disorders, home-based technologies are also being investigated in other neurological diseases including movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases showing the expanding scope of home-based technologies in neurology.
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