Drinking water pellet softening
prediction the terminal settling velocity of natural particles
Onno J.I. Kramer (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering, Waternet, Hogeschool Utrecht)
Peter de Moel (Omnisys, Waternet, TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)
E.T. Baars (Waternet)
W.H. van Vugt (Hogeschool Utrecht)
Jan Peter Van Der Hoek (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering, Waternet)
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Abstract
Natural particles are frequently applied in drinking water treatment in up-flow fluidisation processes. Additionally, sedimentation processes are applied to clarify water and to concentrate solids. To estimate the terminal settling velocity of single solid particles in a liquid system, a comprehensive collection of equations is available. For perfectly round spheres, settling velocity can be calculated accurately. For naturally imperfect particles, however, experimentally measured settling velocity shows considerable deviation compared to calculated values. This article discusses a number of experiments demonstrating this deviation and the applicability of commonly used drag-coefficient equation by Brown-Lawler.