Adapting an in-cylinder process model to a 2-stroke Bolnes engine and preparations for ammonia-diesel operation

Abstract

To achieve the emission goals set out by the International Maritime Organization in 2018. Low or zerocarbon fuels will have to be used. Ammonia is considered to be a possible candidate since it doesn’t contain carbon. This thesis will attempt to study two methods that characterize the closed-cylinder process of an internal combustion engine; the Seiliger approach and Wiebe function. Two things are the main focus of this thesis. Namely, the application of these methods and how this process will be different for ammonia-diesel combustion compared to diesel combustion. The application will be done for a two-stroke compression ignition engine. The operating conditions that are considered are four load points 20%, 40%, 60%, and 100% at a constant engine speed. The application of this method means building an anti-causal and causal simulation model using Matlab Simulink. Both models simulate what happens in one cylinder during the closed-cylinder process, require the engine parameters as input, and produce the same results. The anti-causal model processes the pressure as a function of the crank angle to determine the combustion reaction rate. The causal model simulates the combustion reaction rate using a Wiebe function to determine the pressure. The Wiebe function is determined based on the reaction coordinate produced by the anti-causal model. By using the Wiebe function, the causal model produces smoother results than the anti-causal model. The Seiliger parameters are determined by using a Newton-Rhapson solver with the maximum pressure, maximum temperature, indicated work, and heat input as equivalence criteria. The results produced by this thesis generally show that the constructed method can produce accurate results. However, this accuracy is correlated to the operating conditions of the engine. As for the changes necessary for ammonia-diesel combustion. These changes have been provided on a conceptual level, with conceptual meaning in terms of equations and assumptions. These changes have not been implemented into a computer model that has been verified and validated. The fundamental difference for the constructed method according to this thesis is the fact that the combustion parameters; start and end of combustion for the two fuels have to be incorporated in the combustion model used for the anti-causal and causal model. This change has to be made, along with assumptions that the injected fuel evaporates and combusts almost simultaneously. This assumption is considered to be highly questionable for ammonia.