Characterization of Broadband Low-NEP SiGe Square-Law Detectors for mm-wave Passive Imaging

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Abstract

In this paper, we present the characterization and optimization strategy of two mm-wave square-law detectors, fabricated in a 0.25μm SiGe BiCMOS process, namely a common-emitter (CE) and a common-base (CB). The detectors are designed to provide a broadband noise equivalent power (NEP) by optimizing both the bias and the poly-silicon load resistor. Moreover, broadband characterization of un-matched power detectors are performed to present responsivity and NEP data for multi-octave bandwidth from 1-67 GHz. The NEP of the realized detectors is less than 15 pW/√Hz over the entire characterization band, and given a 1 kHz modulated RF input power, the NEP of the realized detectors at 63 GHz is 2.6 pW/√Hz and 4.4 pW/√Hz for the CB- and CE-detector respectively.