Detecting Midjourney-Generated Images
An Eye-Tracking Study
Joost C.F. de Winter (TU Delft - Human-Robot Interaction)
Jenna Pfeifer (TU Delft - Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology)
Dimitra Dodou (TU Delft - Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology)
Yke Bauke Eisma (TU Delft - Human-Robot Interaction)
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Abstract
This study investigated human performance in identifying AI-generated images. In a speeded forced-choice task, 255 participants viewed paired images (one real, one AI-generated by Midjourney) of standard or futuristic cars and buildings and had to identify the AI-generated one, while eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker. Results revealed a powerful “futurism-as-artificiality” heuristic. Specifically, participants performed poorly (55% correct) when an AI-generated standard image was paired with a real futuristic image. Conversely, accuracy was high (91% correct) when the AI-generated futuristic image was paired with a real standard image. Participants’ gaze landed first on the AI-generated image more often when it depicted a futuristic design than when it depicted a standard one. The demonstrated heuristic presents a double-edged sword for information veracity: it may lead to the uncritical acceptance of AI-generated misinformation that appears conventional, while simultaneously causing real forward-thinking designs to be dismissed as fake.
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