Reconciling data-enabled design and clinical trials: conceptual phases for eHealth development

Journal Article (2025)
Author(s)

H.C. Morales Ornelas (TU Delft - Knowledge and Intelligence Design, Tecnologico de Monterrey)

M.S. Kleinsmann (TU Delft - DesIgning Value in Ecosystems)

Gerd Kortuem (TU Delft - Knowledge and Intelligence Design)

Arend W. van Deutekom ( Erasmus Medical Center Sophia Children’s Hospital )

Knowledge and Intelligence Design
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10282
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Knowledge and Intelligence Design
Volume number
5
Pages (from-to)
2681 - 2690
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Abstract

eHealth systems, such as digital care applications or remote monitoring devices, can improve health outcomes using user-centered design principles to create medical devices that adapt to users’ needs and contexts. Data-enabled design (DED) builds on these principles by leveraging user-generated data to iteratively refine systems based on real-world use, enabling adaptive and context-sensitive solutions. However, its exploratory and iterative nature conflicts with the rigid protocols required in clinical trials to evaluate safety and effectiveness. This study revises DED in alignment with clinical trial requirements, identifying four key challenges and proposing a four-phase Clinical Data-Enabled Design (C-DED) framework. This framework reconciles exploratory design with trial methodological demands, supporting the development of safe, effective, and user-centered eHealth medical devices.