Molecular basis for anti-jumbo phage immunity by AVAST Type 5
Aswin Muralidharan (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Ana Rita Costa (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Desi Fierlier (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Daan Frits van den Berg (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Halewijn van den Bossche (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Adja Damba Zoumaro-Djayoon (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Martin Pabst (TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Martin Pacesa (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
Stan J. J. Brouns (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
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Abstract
Jumbo phages protect their genomes from DNA-sensing bacterial defense systems by enclosing them within vesicles and nucleus-like compartments. Very little is known about defense systems specialized to counter these phages. Here, we show that AVAST type 5 (Avs5) systems, part of the signal transduction ATPases of numerous domains (STAND) superfamily, confer conserved immunity against jumbo phages. Using fluorescence microscopy and biotin proximity labeling, we demonstrate that Avs5 localizes to early infection vesicles, where it senses an essential, early-expressed phage protein named JADA (Jumbo phage Avs5 Defense Activator). Recognition of phage infection triggers the Sir2-like effector domain of Avs5 across three Avs5 clades, resulting in rapid NAD + hydrolysis, disruption of phage nucleus formation, and arrest of infection. These findings reveal a spatially coordinated bacterial immune strategy that targets an early vulnerability in jumbo phage infection.
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