Bacterial homologs of innate eukaryotic antiviral defenses with anti-phage activity highlight shared evolutionary roots of viral defenses
Daan F. van den Berg (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Ana Rita Costa (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Jelger Q. Esser (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Ilinka Stanciu (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Jasper Q. Geissler (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Adja Damba Zoumaro-Djayoon (TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Pieter-Jan Haas ( University Medical Centre Utrecht)
Stan J.J. Brouns (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
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Abstract
Prokaryotes have evolved a multitude of defense systems to protect against phage predation. Some of these resemble eukaryotic genes involved in antiviral responses. Here, we set out to systematically project the current knowledge of eukaryotic-like antiviral defense systems onto prokaryotic genomes, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model organism. Searching for phage defense systems related to innate antiviral genes from vertebrates and plants, we uncovered over 450 candidates. We validated six of these phage defense systems, including factors preventing viral attachment, R-loop-acting enzymes, the inflammasome, ubiquitin pathway, and pathogen recognition signaling. Collectively, these defense systems support the concept of deep evolutionary links and shared antiviral mechanisms between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.