Chemo-Rheological Study of Hardening of Epoxy Modified Bituminous Binders with the Finite Element Method
Panos Apostolidis (TU Delft - Pavement Engineering)
Xueyan Liu (TU Delft - Pavement Engineering)
Cor Kasbergen (TU Delft - Pavement Engineering)
M. F.C. van de Ven (TU Delft - Pavement Engineering)
G. Pipintakos (TU Delft - Pavement Engineering)
Athanasios Skarpas (Petroleum Institute, TU Delft - Pavement Engineering)
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Abstract
The chemical irreversible hardening of epoxy modified bitumen is affected by various physical factors and the successful application of this technology is directly linked with full understanding of chemo-rheological material characteristics. This study proposes a model to describe the material viscosity evolution during hardening of epoxy modified bitumen. The findings from numerical analyses performed to assess the mechanical response of epoxy modified bituminous binders are presented. Information of the chemical interaction of epoxy within a bituminous matrix was collected and all the influential factors have been determined. The proposed chemo-rheological model accounting for the polymerization of the epoxy in the bitumen was formulated and the sensitivity of material parameters, such as activation energy, reaction order and extent of hardening reaction until the gel point of epoxy modified binders, was demonstrated. Results of the analyses suggest that lower levels of activation energy increase the degree of hardening and the rate of viscosity development. By decreasing the hardening reaction until the gel point the achieved viscosity of epoxy modified bitumen was increased showing the importance of gel reaction extent on material viscosity evolution. The numerical studies have shown also that the polymerization rate in the epoxy modified bitumen is highly dependent on the temperature under various (non-) isothermal conditions. Also, the polymerization rate should be considered through all the material curing processes to avoid unwanted variations in the mechanical properties.