Urban Development And Architecture Under Colonial Influence

Western Transformations In Kurdistan-Iraq During The 20th Century

Student Report (2025)
Author(s)

S. Sharaf (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Contributor(s)

R.J. Rutte – Mentor (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Faculty
Architecture and the Built Environment
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Coordinates
36.191113, 44.009167
Graduation Date
17-04-2025
Awarding Institution
Delft University of Technology
Project
AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis
Programme
Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences
Faculty
Architecture and the Built Environment
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Abstract

This thesis explores how colonial and post-colonial influences have shaped the urban development and architectural identity of Erbil from 1900 to the present. While the Erbil Citadel has represented the historical core of the city, the 20th and 21st centuries marked a shift toward large-scale spatial expansion and architectural transformation. The research focuses on five key periods: the traditional city, the British Mandate period, the Kingdom of Iraq, the Ba’athist regime and the post-2003 modernization era. Each period brought different external powers, policies and planning ideologies that left a lasting impact on Erbils built environment.
Through historical mapping, spatial analysis on the case study of Erbil, the thesis identifies patterns in the way urban form and architecture evolved over time. The study highlights a relationship between urban expansion and architectural change, showing how new planning models allowed the introduction of different building styles and materials. It also examines how local architectural traditions fade away in response to these changes.
By outlining the shifts in both city planning and building culture, this research offers an understanding of how external forces and local adaptation have shaped the current identity of Erbil. This way the thesis provides insights into the complex relationship between politics, planning and architecture in Erbil.

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