Deep Learning for Post-Contrast T1-Weighted Brain MRI Synthesis
R.C. van Oosterhoudt (TU Delft - Mechanical Engineering)
Frans M. Vos – Mentor (TU Delft - ImPhys/Computational Imaging)
Sebastian R.van der Van Der Voort – Graduation committee member (Erasmus MC)
Juan Antonio Hernández Tamames – Graduation committee member (Erasmus MC)
Jifke Veenland – Graduation committee member (Erasmus MC)
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Abstract
Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a commonly used technique for the initial diagnosis of gliomas. T1, T2, T2-FLAIR, and post-contrast T1 with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) can show tumor characteristics. However, using this contrast agent poses a risk to patients with kidney failures, has environmental impact, and increases cost. To address these issues, we aimed to evaluate the potential of deep learning in generating synthetic post-contrast T1 images without using contrast agents.
Method: The project investigates the potential of using deep learning (DL) to generate synthetic post-contrast T1 images based on T1, T2, and T2-FLAIR provided by the Erasmus Glioma Database. Exploring different model architectures, loss functions, and input sizes to discover the optimal approach.
Results: Results show that individual loss functions, input size, and model complexity slightly impact the accuracy of synthetic post-contrast T1 images. Combining loss functions, however, was the most promising approach for image generation. Models trained with ℒm could generate low detail enhancement. Resulting in 0.0478±0.0076, 0.0139±0.0036, and 0.879±0.024 for MAE, MSE, and SSIM, respectively.
Conclusion: The study's findings indicate that DL is promising for generating synthetic post-contrast T1 images without using GBCAs. However, further research is required to generate realistic synthetic post-contrast T1 images. The study, however, provides a basis for future work and highlights the importance of reducing the use of GBCAs in clinical practice.