Sustainable advanced wastewater treatment via photoelectrocatalytic oxidation
insights from life cycle assessment
Gema Amaya Santos (University College London)
A.Z. Ali (Avans Hogeschool Breda, TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)
Paola Lettieri (University College London)
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Abstract
This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a scaled-up photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation system for wastewater treatment, modelled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The system used a BiVO4/TiO2-GO photoanode for solar-driven degradation of micropollutants. The LCA assesses energy use, resource demand, and emissions to evaluate the system’s sustainability in line with EU wastewater regulations. Compared to a full-scale ozonation plant in the Netherlands, the PEC system shows superior environmental performance during operation and end-of-life phases, despite higher construction impacts. Solar energy use and potential material reuse drive these advantages. A comparison with theoretical pilot-scale oxidation technologies from literature adds depth, though the study acknowledges limitations such as micropollutant variability and wastewater complexity. Overall, the findings highlight PEC oxidation’s promise as a sustainable and effective approach for micropollutant removal in water treatment.
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