Pixel Fixer

Semi-Automated Techniques for Correcting Pixel Art

Bachelor Thesis (2025)
Author(s)

R. Bites (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)

Contributor(s)

E. Eisemann – Mentor (TU Delft - Computer Graphics and Visualisation)

P. Kellnhofer – Mentor (TU Delft - Computer Graphics and Visualisation)

M. Molenaar – Mentor (TU Delft - Computer Graphics and Visualisation)

Joana Goncalves – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics)

Faculty
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Graduation Date
26-06-2025
Awarding Institution
Delft University of Technology
Project
['CSE3000 Research Project']
Programme
['Computer Science and Engineering']
Faculty
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
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Abstract

Pixel art can suffer from perceptual artifacts, such as banding and pillow-shading, which result from poor pixel placement and weaken visual quality. Banding occurs when two adjacent pixel segments of different colors align their endpoints along a shared axis. Pillow-shading is a pronounced form of banding, characterized by concentric strips that perfectly follow the object's outline. Prior methods for fixing artifacts in pixel art rely heavily on auxiliary reference images and do not address banding or pillow-shading. We present a semi-automated method that corrects both artifacts using established artistic guidelines and without relying on references. It supports user annotations to resolve ambiguities when multiple corrections are possible and to help preserve the artistic intent. We tested our software tool, Pixel Fixer, on several pixel artworks affected by banding or pillow-shading. Using an error metric that counts pairs of banded pixel segments, we observed consistent reductions across all inputs.
Related dataset 4TU.ResearchData: https://doi.org/10.4121/11446578-c1f3-474c-9cc4-6978a79b675b

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