Smart Hydrogel Engineering for Soft Robotics: Synthesis, Characterization & Mechanical Properties of PNIPAM Hydrogel
S.A. Sagaram Radha krishna (TU Delft - Mechanical Engineering)
Qianyi Chen – Mentor (TU Delft - Transport Engineering and Logistics)
J. Jovanova – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Transport Engineering and Logistics)
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Abstract
Smart materials, particularly thermoresponsive hydrogels, have gained significant attention in fields like soft robotics due to their ability to respond to external stimuli such as temperature. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels, exploring how varying concentrations of monomers and crosslinkers influence their mechanical properties, swelling behaviour, and fatigue resistance. Using a combination of experimental methods, including rheometry, indentation tests, swelling-deswelling analyses, and cyclic loading-unloading (fatigue) tests, alongside Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, this research examines the relationships between these concentrations and hydrogel properties. Results indicate that the mechanical stiffness, swelling ratios, and fatigue resistance can be modulated by adjusting the concentrations of monomer and crosslinker, making PNIPAM hydrogels a promising material for applications requiring tuneable mechanical properties and durability. This study contributes to the advancement of soft robotics by providing insights into the material properties and behaviours needed for practical applications and by suggesting avenues for future research in hydrogel-based actuation systems.