Effects of Cr/Ni ratio on physical properties of Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high-entropy alloys

Abstract

Physical properties of ten single-phase FCC Cr_xMn₂₀Fe₂₀Co₂₀Ni_40-x high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated for 0 ≤ x ≤ 26 at%. The lattice parameters of these alloys were nearly independent of composition while solidus temperatures increased linearly by ∼30 K as x increased from 0 to 26 at.%. For x ≥ 10 at.%, the alloys are not ferromagnetic between 100 and 673 K and the temperature dependencies of their coefficients of thermal expansion and elastic moduli are independent of composition. Magnetic transitions and associated magnetostriction were detected below ∼200 K and ∼440 K in Cr₅Mn₂₀Fe₂₀Co₂₀Ni₃₅ and Mn₂₀Fe₂₀Co₂₀Ni₄₀, respectively. These composition and temperature dependencies could be qualitatively reproduced by ab initio simulations that took into account a ferrimagnetic ↔ paramagnetic transition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that plastic deformation occurs initially by the glide of perfect dislocations dissociated into Shockley partials on {111} planes. From their separations, the stacking fault energy (SFE) was determined, which decreases linearly from 69 to 23 mJ·m⁻² as x increases from 14 to 26 at.%. Ab initio simulations were performed to calculate stable and unstable SFEs and estimate the partial separation distances using the Peierls-Nabarro model. While the compositional trends were reasonably well reproduced, the calculated intrinsic SFEs were systematically lower than the experimental ones. Our ab initio simulations show that, individually, atomic relaxations, finite temperatures, and magnetism strongly increase the intrinsic SFE. If these factors can be simultaneously included in future computations, calculated SFEs will likely better match experimentally determined SFEs.