The Effect of Complementing Haptic Shared Control with Visual Feedback on Driving Behaviour during Overtake Manoeuvres

Abstract

Driving with driver assistance systems utilising haptic shared control (HSC) can lead to annoyance, or even disuse, when the intent of both entities differs. In order to increase compliance and acceptance of these systems, this study explores two types of visual information projected onto the outside scenery. One visualisation portrays only the intended trajectory of the HSC system, whereas the other visualisation complements this by showing the manoeuvring boundaries of the car. These visualisations were evaluated in a human-in-the-loop simulator study focused on supporting an early and late car overtake manoeuvre, initiated by HSC. Although most participants reported a preference for visualisation of both the intended trajectory as manoeuvring boundaries, results in terms of torque conflicts and position conflicts indicated no significant differences between the visualisations. Subsequent analysis, however, indicated that this was probably caused by the variability in how participants used the visualisations in combination with their apparent preferences in performing the overtake manoeuvre. In conclusion, supporting HSC with visual information does not improve compliance, but shows an improvement in acceptance. For future work it is recommended to further investigate the impact of visualisations on intra-driver variability.