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Enhancing the Interpretability of 3D City Model Validation Through Web Visualization: The Case Study of the CHEK Validation Results Viewer

Journal Article (2026)
Author(s)

Alper T. Akın (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Alejandro Villar (Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC))

Abdoulaye Diakite (CityGeometrix Pty Ltd)

Siham El Yamani (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Jantien Stoter (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Francesca Noardo (Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC))

Robert Atkinson (Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC))

Piotr Zaborowski (Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC))

Department
Urbanism
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15070282 Final published version
More Info
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Publication Year
2026
Language
English
Department
Urbanism
Journal title
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Issue number
7
Volume number
15
Article number
282
Downloads counter
31
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Abstract

3D city models (3DCMs) are increasingly used in urban simulations, cadastral workflows, and digital building permit processes, and automated validation of these models has become a routine requirement. Existing validation services typically produce dense, frequently generated by SHACL engines, text-based reports that are difficult for users without a semantic-web background to interpret. This paper describes the CHEK Validation Results Viewer (CHEK VRV), a Flask-based web application that couples the OGC Data Completeness Validator with an interactive Three.js 3D viewer of the CityJSON input. SHACL violations and geometric invalidities are spatially explorable on a visual representation of the model, and the tool supports both predefined CHEK Building Block Profiles and user-uploaded custom profiles. We report a formative usability study with twelve domain experts (urban planners, data vendors, academics) and use it to identify the tool’s current strengths, its limitations, and a prioritized development roadmap. As reported by the participant experts, such a presentation is easier to interpret than the raw JSON-LD report.