Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017
Brian Gunter (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Bryant Loomis (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Scott Luthcke (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Malcolm McMillan (University of Leeds)
Daniele Melini (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology)
Sebastian Mernild (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Universidad de Magallanes)
Yara Mohajerani (University of California)
Philip Moore (Newcastle University)
Jeremie Mouginot (Université Grenoble Alpes, University of California)
Gorka Moyano (IsardSAT)
Alan Muir (University College London)
Thomas Nagler (ENVEO)
Grace Nield (Durham University)
Johan Nilsson (California Institute of Technology)
Brice Noel (Universiteit Utrecht)
Ines Otosaka (University of Leeds)
Mark E. Pattle (IsardSAT)
W. Richard Peltier (University of Toronto)
Nadege Pie (The University of Texas at Austin)
Roelof Rietbroek (Universität Bonn)
Helmut Rott (ENVEO)
Louise Sandberg-Sørensen (Technical University of Denmark (DTU))
Ingo Sasgen (Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung)
Himanshu Save (The University of Texas at Austin)
Bernd Scheuchl (University of California)
Ernst Schrama (Astrodynamics & Space Missions)
Wouter Van Der Wal (Astrodynamics & Space Missions)
Bert Wouters (Universiteit Utrecht)
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Abstract
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-level rise. Here we combine satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that it lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6 ± 3.9 millimetres (errors are one standard deviation). Over this period, ocean-driven melting has caused rates of ice loss from West Antarctica to increase from 53 ± 29 billion to 159 ± 26 billion tonnes per year; ice-shelf collapse has increased the rate of ice loss from the Antarctic Peninsula from 7 ± 13 billion to 33 ± 16 billion tonnes per year. We find large variations in and among model estimates of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment for East Antarctica, with its average rate of mass gain over the period 1992-2017 (5 ± 46 billion tonnes per year) being the least certain.
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