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Carbon capture through solar-driven CO2 gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce syngas and biochar

Journal Article (2025)
Authors

Saqr A.A Al-Muraisy (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)

Srirat Chuayboon (PROMES-CNRS, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang)

L.A. Soares (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)

J. G. Buijnsters (TU Delft - Micro and Nano Engineering)

Shahrul bin Ismail (University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT))

Stéphane Abanades (PROMES-CNRS)

J. B. Van Lier (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)

Ralph Lindeboom (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)

Research Group
Sanitary Engineering
To reference this document use:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135805
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Research Group
Sanitary Engineering
Volume number
323
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135805
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Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant organic waste in Malaysia that is often disposed of through field burning. A previous study has shown that solar-driven steam gasification of OPEFB can produce hydrogen-rich syngas with an energy upgrade factor of 1.2 and a carbon conversion efficiency of 95.1 %. Beyond its potential as a biofuel, OPEFB can also act as a carbon sink, capturing photosynthetically stored carbon. This study explores the potential of amplifying OPEFB's negative carbon emissions through solar-driven gasification, using CO2 as the gasifying agent. In this work, a Central Composite Design (CCD) approach was employed to assess the influence of temperature (1100–1300 °C) and CO2/OPEFB molar ratio (1.6–3.0) on H2/CO molar ratio and energy upgrade factor, with a constant OPEFB flow rate of 1.8 g/min. The results demonstrated that at an energy upgrade factor of 1.4, 94.9 % of the total carbon was converted into syngas with a H2/CO molar ratio of 0.3. The maximum observed net carbon capture yield of 0.4 g C/g OPEFB was achieved at 1300 °C and a CO2/OPEFB molar ratio of 3.0. The remaining carbon (94.4–95.7 wt %) was converted into biochar with low heavy metal content, which has potential as a soil enhancer.