MXene-Based Electromagnetic Attenuation Materials in Microwave and Terahertz Bands
Guozheng Zhang (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Sitong Li (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Libo Chang (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Zelin Zhao (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Tianze Zhang (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Si Chen (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Xuehang Wang (TU Delft - Applied Sciences)
Zhe Wu (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Tianpeng Ding (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
Xu Xiao (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
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Abstract
MXenes exhibit considerable potential for developing high-performance electromagnetic (EM) shielding and absorption materials operating across microwave and terahertz frequencies, due to their tunable surface chemistry and exceptional charge carrier transport properties. Nevertheless, a profound understanding and precise manipulation of their broadband attenuation mechanisms remain challenging. In this review, we first examine Ti3C2Tx MXene as a representative system to explore EM attenuation mechanisms through polarization and conductive loss models across microwave and terahertz bands. We then discuss tuning strategies, including component tailoring, interlayer regulation, film architecture, and dynamic modulation, which are supported by both classic and emerging studies, and evaluate their impact on attenuation performance. Finally, we outline future research priorities and development directions for MXene-based EM attenuation materials. By synthesizing recent advances, this review aims to establish the structure–property relationships in MXenes and to provide forward-looking insights for the field.
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