Roadmap for Condensates in Cell Biology
Dilimulati Aierken (Princeton University)
Sebastian Aland (University of Technology Bergakademie Freiberg, HTW Dresden)
Stefano Bo (King’s College London)
Steven Boeynaems (Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine)
Danfeng Cai (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)
Serena Carra (Università Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia)
Lindsay B. Case (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Liedewij Laan (TU Delft - Applied Sciences, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Meng Shen (California State University, Fullerton)
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Abstract
Biomolecular condensates govern essential cellular processes yet elude description by traditional equilibrium models. This roadmap, distilled from structured discussions at a workshop and reflecting the consensus of its participants, clarifies key concepts for researchers, funding bodies, and journals. After unifying terminology that often separates disciplines, we outline the core physics of condensate formation, review their biological roles, and identify outstanding challenges in nonequilibrium theory, multiscale simulation, and quantitative in-cell measurements. We close with a forward-looking outlook to guide coordinated efforts toward predictive, experimentally anchored understanding and control of biomolecular condensates.
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