Print Email Facebook Twitter Thermodynamic and cloud evolution in a cold-Air outbreak during HALO-(AC) 3 Title Thermodynamic and cloud evolution in a cold-Air outbreak during HALO-(AC) 3: Quasi-Lagrangian observations compared to the ERA5 and CARRA reanalyses Author Kirbus, Benjamin (University of Leipzig) Schirmacher, Imke (University of Cologne) Klingebiel, Marcus (University of Leipzig) Schäfer, Michael (University of Leipzig) Ehrlich, André (University of Leipzig) Slättberg, Nils (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung) Lucke, J.R. (TU Delft Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)) Moser, Manuel (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)) Müller, Hanno (University of Leipzig) Wendisch, Manfred (University of Leipzig) Date 2024 Abstract Arctic air masses undergo intense transformations when moving southward from closed sea ice to warmer open waters in marine cold-Air outbreaks (CAOs). Due to the lack of measurements of diabatic heating and moisture uptake rates along CAO flows, studies often depend on atmospheric reanalysis output. However, the uncertainties connected to those datasets remain unclear. Here, we present height-resolved airborne observations of diabatic heating, moisture uptake, and cloud evolution measured in a quasi-Lagrangian manner. The investigated CAO was observed on 1 April 2022 during the HALO-(AC)3 campaign. Shortly after passing the sea-ice edge, maximum diabatic heating rates over 6ĝ€¯Kh-1 and moisture uptake over 0.3ĝ€¯gkg-1h-1 were measured near the surface. Clouds started forming and vertical mixing within the deepening boundary layer intensified. The quasi-Lagrangian observations are compared with the fifth-generation global reanalysis (ERA5) and the Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA). Compared to these observations, the mean absolute errors of ERA5 versus CARRA data are 14ĝ€¯% higher for air temperature over sea ice (1.14ĝ€¯K versus 1.00ĝ€¯K) and 62ĝ€¯% higher for specific humidity over ice-free ocean (0.112ĝ€¯gkg-1 versus 0.069ĝ€¯gkg-1). We relate these differences to issues with the representation of the marginal ice zone and corresponding surface fluxes in ERA5, as well as the cloud scheme producing excess liquid-bearing, precipitating clouds, which causes a too-dry marine boundary layer. CARRA's high spatial resolution and demonstrated higher fidelity towards observations make it a promising candidate for further studies on Arctic air mass transformations. To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:12028463-bc1f-4845-bf15-a545eeb322ab DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3883-2024 ISSN 1680-7316 Source Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (online), 24 (6), 3883-3904 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2024 Benjamin Kirbus, Imke Schirmacher, Marcus Klingebiel, Michael Schäfer, André Ehrlich, Nils Slättberg, J.R. Lucke, Manuel Moser, Hanno Müller, Manfred Wendisch Files PDF acp-24-3883-2024.pdf 7.9 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:12028463-bc1f-4845-bf15-a545eeb322ab/datastream/OBJ/view