Print Email Facebook Twitter IRONSperm swimming by rigid-body rotation versus transverse bending waves influenced by cell membrane charge Title IRONSperm swimming by rigid-body rotation versus transverse bending waves influenced by cell membrane charge Author Magdanz, Veronika (Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); University of Waterloo) Klingner, Anke (German University of Cairo) Abelmann, L. (TU Delft Bio-Electronics; University of Twente) Khalil, Islam S.M. (University of Twente) Date 2023 Abstract Cell membrane potential affects the electrostatic self-assembly of magnetizable nanoparticles around the flagellum of sperm cells, leading to the formation of biohybrid microrobots (i.e., IRONSperm) with various bending stiffness. Here we explain the influence of bull sperm cell membrane potential on the formation of two types of IRONSperm samples that are produced by electrostatic self-assembly. The first type is a proximal-coated soft body with nanoparticles concentrated on the head to maintain high flexibility of the flagellum and create a passively propagating transverse bending wave under the influence of an external rotating magnetic field. The second type is a rigid-body with nanoparticles approximately uniformly distributed along the length to provide arbitrary geometry that maintains a constant chiral shape and propel by rotation about its long axis. We present a magneto-elastohydrodynamic model to predict the swimming speed at low Reynolds number for rigid IRONSperm with arbitrary shapes, and show that decreasing the bending stiffness allows the model to capture the behavior of its soft counterpart. While the response of a rigid chiral IRONSperm is distinguished by a greater swimming speed with a smooth decay with frequency, the benefit of a soft flagellum in certain scenarios would present a much smaller range of frequencies for wireless actuation. Subject BiohybridMagneticMicrorobotsNanoparticlesSperm cells To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3b611bae-367d-41e3-a9ec-1239a64d6da4 DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-023-00158-5 Embargo date 2024-01-06 ISSN 2194-6418 Source Journal of Micro-Bio Robotics, 18 (1-2), 49-60 Bibliographical note Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2023 Veronika Magdanz, Anke Klingner, L. Abelmann, Islam S.M. Khalil Files PDF ac105d39_e093_47ac_b38f_9 ... eff_1_.pdf 3.81 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:3b611bae-367d-41e3-a9ec-1239a64d6da4/datastream/OBJ/view