Print Email Facebook Twitter Ambiguity-Fixing in Frequency-Varying Carrier Phase Measurements Title Ambiguity-Fixing in Frequency-Varying Carrier Phase Measurements: Global Navigation Satellite System and Terrestrial Examples Author Khodabandeh, A. (University of Melbourne) Teunissen, P.J.G. (TU Delft Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning; University of Melbourne; Curtin University) Date 2023 Abstract Carrier phase signals are considered among the key observations in global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and several other high-precision interferometric measurement systems. However, these ultra-precise measurements are not fully exploited when the integerness of their inherent ambiguities is discarded during the estimation process. Provided that the integer-estimable functions of their phase ambiguities are properly identified, integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) can be utilized to benefit their parameter solutions. For the GNSS code division multiple access systems with transmitters that broadcast carrier phase signals on identical frequencies, these integer-estimable functions have been characterized and are well-known as double differenced ambiguities. However, this is not the case with “frequency-varying” carrier phase signals that are broadcast by GLONASS satellites, Low-Earth-Orbiting communication satellites, or cellular long-term evolution (LTE) transmitters. This study aims to present full-rank models that can be used to identify integer-estimable ambiguity functions, thereby bringing the observation equations of frequency-varying carrier phase measurements into an IAR-applicable form. Our analytical results are supported by several numerical examples, including GNSS and terrestrial-based IAR as well as a new set of “inter-frequency” integer ambiguities that this study discovers in Galileo multi-frequency carrier phase signals. Subject global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)integer ambiguity resolution (IAR)integer-estimabilityinter-frequency ambiguitiesinterferometric parameter estimation To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bf160278-9e15-4ab0-939e-723f09895c30 DOI https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.580 ISSN 0028-1522 Source Navigation (Washington), 70 (2) Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2023 A. Khodabandeh, P.J.G. Teunissen Files PDF navi.580.full.pdf 2.81 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:bf160278-9e15-4ab0-939e-723f09895c30/datastream/OBJ/view