Impact of the depth-to-width ratio of periodically stratified tidal channels on the estuarine circulation

Impact of the depth-to-width ratio of periodically stratified tidal channels on the estuarine circulation

Schulz, E.
Schuttelaars, H.M.
Grawe, U.
Burchard, H.

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics

2015-08-10

The dependency of the estuarine circulation on the depth-to-width ratio of a periodically, weakly stratified tidal estuary is systematically investigated here for the first time. Currents, salinity, and other properties are simulated by means of the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) in cross-sectional slice mode, applying a symmetric Gaussian-shaped depth profile. The width is varied over four orders of magnitude. The individual along-channel circulation contributions from tidal straining, gravitation, advection, etc., are calculated and the impact of the depth-to-width ratio on their intensity is presented and elucidated. It is found that the estuarine circulation exhibits a distinct maximum in medium-wide channels (intermediate depth-towidth ratio depending on various parameters), which is caused by a maximum of the tidal straining contribution. This maximum is related to a strong tidal asymmetry of eddy viscosity and shear created by secondary strain-induced periodic stratification (2SIPS): in medium channels, transverse circulation generated by lateral density gradients due to laterally differential longitudinal advection induces stable stratification at the end of the flood phase, which is further increased during ebb by longitudinal straining (SIPS). Thus, eddy viscosity is low and shear is strong in the entire ebb phase. During flood, SIPS decreases the stratification so that eddy viscosity is high and shear is weak. The circulation resulting from this viscosity–shear correlation, the tidal straining circulation, is oriented like the classical, gravitational circulation, with riverine outflow at the surface and oceanic inflow close to the bottom. In medium channels, it is about 5 times as strong as in wide (quasi onedimensional) channels, in which 2SIPS is negligible.

geographic location/entity
estuaries
circulation/ dynamics
baroclinic flows
buoyancy
currents
models and modeling
general circulation models
numerical analysis/modeling

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e824c8c4-b20b-40f5-b4ab-713677d16e1d

American Meteorological Society

2016-03-10

0022-3670

https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-14-0084.1

Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45, 2015

Institutional Repository

journal article

(c) 2015 American Meteorological Society