Print Email Facebook Twitter Towards Zero Liquid Discharge in drinking water production Title Towards Zero Liquid Discharge in drinking water production Author Salvador Cob, S. Contributor Witkamp, G.J. (promotor) Faculty Applied Sciences Department Biotechnology Date 2014-06-03 Abstract Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are used to produce clean water, but also produce a concentrate stream which contains most of the contaminants. Discharging concentrate streams to the environment is hindered by regulations, which are becoming more strict, and by the desire of recovering every single valuable atom. Therefore, the minimization of the concentrate volume to almost zero, is required in order to make treatment of the concentrate feasible. Currently several research studies are being conducted to find smart zero liquid discharge (ZLD) strategies in water desalination. In this PhD work the feasibility of reaching very high recovery (which equals a very low volume of concentrate) in a system consisting of cation exchange pretreatment, NF and RO (with the RO implemented on the NF concentrate to increase feed water recovery) was studied. The outcome of this research indicates that the nearly ZLD concept is technically possible, with the right combination of techniques. The studied system could be applied for the production of drinking water from ground water or surface water with high concentrations of bivalent cations, silica and/or organic micropollutants. Subject zero liquid dischargesilica scalingmembrane filtrationconcentrate treatment To reference this document use: https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:1a347058-8f9b-4a67-ab2b-120a5bc969b7 ISBN 9789461086921 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type doctoral thesis Rights (c) 2014 Salvador Cob, S. Files PDF PhD_thesis_Sara_Salvador_Cob.PDF 21.06 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:1a347058-8f9b-4a67-ab2b-120a5bc969b7/datastream/OBJ/view