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Ten Brink, D. S.A. (author), Klomp, R.E. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In the near future, air traffic controllers are expected to adhere to stringent time and position constraints in controlling traffic. For this new task, new decision-support tools are required which include higher levels of automation, whilst letting humans remain to be the ultimate responsible for the safety of operations. In previous...conference paper 2019
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Klein Koerkamp, N.W. (author), Borst, C. (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Real-time optimization of Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) during mission operations raises concerns regarding obtaining a solution within a reasonable timeframe, especially in domains where operations cannot easily be paused and the number of control parameters is high. Humans, however, are heuristic problem solvers and could potentially...journal article 2019
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Borst, C. (author), Somers, V.L.J. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Air Traffic Control (ATC) workload is a limiting factor for air traffic growth, creating a need for objective ATC workload metrics. Previous research has shown that the solution space diagram can be a basis for a workload prediction metric. The current solution space metric however, does not incorporate altitude. In this paper, a 3D solution...journal article 2019
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Friesen, D. (author), Pavel, M.D. (author), Borst, C. (author), Masarati, Pierangelo (author), Mulder, Max (author)Head-down hover displays and instrument panels theoretically provide all necessary 2ight data information to control low-speed helicopter manoeuvring. However, past experiments have shown that head-down displays can incur high workload, control instability, and even loss of control when used as the sole 2ight data source. This paper...conference paper 2019
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Klomp, R.E. (author), Riegman, R. (author), Borst, C. (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)The current evolution of the ATM system, led by the SESAR programme in Europe and the NextGen programme in the US, is foreseen to bring a paradigm shift to the work of the air traffic controller. Rather than the current primarily tactical control method, one aims for the introduction of more strategic, 4D (space and time) trajectory...conference paper 2019
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van Paassen, M.M. (author), Borst, C. (author), Ellerbroek, Joost (author), Mulder, Max (author), Flach, John M. (author)Ecological interface design (EID) was originally developed in the context of process control but has been extended into many domains where technology has resulted in both changing work demands and increased opportunities for improved interface applications. This paper gives an overview of the application of the EID to the control of vehicle...journal article 2018
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Procee, S. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Based on the Cognitive Work Analysis, described in a previous paper, an Ecological Interface is designed and built for the Augmented Reality application at Willem Barentsz. Incorporated, a.o., is the concept of Velocity Obstacles. This innovative way to visualize the problem space and solution space, provides the navigator with real time...conference paper 2018
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Ho, V. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Haptic interfaces have been developed to assist human operators controlling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) be- yond line-of-sight. These systems complement the predominantly camera-based visual interfaces and act like a collision-avoidance system: when nearing obstacles, the operator gets re-directed by the haptic force feedback. Previous...conference paper 2018
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Beeftink, Derek G. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Baelen, D. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Perspective flight-path displays are a viable alternative for the aircraft primary flight display, but increases the pilot head-down time. A haptic interface is developed to counter this effect and increase the task-sharing performance during approach. An experiment (n=12) was conducted to test the effects of the haptic design on primary task...conference paper 2018
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Mulder, Max (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)In the design of human-machine interfaces and automation, an important question is how to obtain and validate a design that is capable of supporting the operator’s understanding and situation awareness of the process under control. Whereas many research efforts address the question of ‘what is the operator aware of?’ – the awareness – only a few...conference paper 2017
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Procee, S. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Augmented Reality, (AR) also known as vision-overlay, can help the navigator to visually detect a dangerous target by the overlay of a synthetic image, thus providing a visual cue over the real world. This is the first paper of a series about the practicalities and consequences of implementing AR in marine navigation. A Cognitive Work Analysis...conference paper 2017
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Ho, V. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In tele-operating an UAV human operators fully rely on cameras to control the vehicle from a distance. To increase operator situation awareness and reduce workload, a haptic feedback on the control stick has been developed which acts as an automatic collision avoidance system. A virtual force field surrounding the moving vehicle interacts with...conference paper 2017
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Deerenberg, Ronald (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Borst, C. (author), Mulder, Max (author)For Ecological Interface Design (EID), the underlying constraints and properties of an operator’s work domain are analysed and used as a basis for the design of the information displays, so that these may reveal these underlying mechanisms. Most evaluations for EID have been performed with expert or trained participants. However, it can be...conference paper 2017
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Borst, C. (author), Bijsterbosch, V.A. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Future air traffic control will have to rely on more advanced automation to support human controllers in their job of safely handling increased traffic volumes. A prerequisite for the success of such automation is that the data driving it are reliable. Current technology, however, still warrants human supervision in coping with (data)...journal article 2017
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IJtsma, Martijn (author), Borst, C. (author), Mercado Velasco, G.A. (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Through smart scheduling and triggering of automation support, adaptive automation has the potential to balance air traffic controller workload. The challenge in the design of adaptive automation systems is to decide how and when the automation should provide support. This paper describes the design of a novel mechanism for adaptively invoking...conference paper 2017
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Abdul Rahman, S.M.B. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Air traffc controller workload is an important impediment to air transport growth. Several approaches exist that aim to better understand the causes for workload, and models have been derived to predict workload in new operational settings. These methods often relate workload to the diffculty, or complexity, that an average controller would have...journal article 2016
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Bijsterbosch, V.A. (author), Borst, C. (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Future air traffic control will have to rely on more advanced automation in order to support controllers in their job of safely controlling increased traffic volumes. A prerequisite for the success of such automation is that the underlying data driving it is reliable. Current technology, however, still warrants human supervision in coping with ...journal article 2016
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van Lochem, S. (author), Borst, C. (author), de Croon, G.C.H.E. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be used to access remote areas, e.g., for surveillance missions. Collaboration between them can help overcome communication constraints by building airborne relay networks that allow beyond line of sight communication. This research investigates whether a single human operator can supervise multiple UAVs in a...journal article 2016
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Rahman, S.M.A. (author), Borst, C. (author), Mulder, M. (author), Van Paassen, M.M. (author)This research investigates the use of Solution Space Diagram (SSD) as a measure of sector complexity and also as a predictor of performance and workload, focusing on the scenarios regarding Air Traffic Controller (ATCO)’s ability to detect future conflicts. A human-in-the-loop experiment with varying intercept angle within the same sector layout...journal article 2015
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Pinto, J. (author), Klomp, R.E. (author), Borst, C. (author), Van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, M. (author)The concept of trajectory-based operations as proposed by SESAR and NextGen seeks to increase airspace efficiency and capacity by introducing time as an explicit control variable. Such form of operations lean heavily on the introduction of higher levels of automation to support the human air traffic controller in performing this new task. In...conference paper 2015