Comparative performance of different scale-down simulators of substrate gradients in Penicillium chrysogenum cultures: the need of a biological systems response analysis

In a 54 m³ large-scale penicillin fermentor, the cells experience substrate gradient cycles at the timescales of global mixing time about 20–40 s. Here, we used an intermittent feeding regime (IFR) and a two-compartment reactor (TCR) to mimic these substrate gradients at laboratory-scale continuous cultures. The IFR was applied to...

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of an industrial P. chrysogenum fermentation with a coupled 9-pool metabolic model: Towards rational scale-down and design optimization

We assess the effect of substrate heterogeneity on the metabolic response of P. chrysogenum in industrial bioreactors via the coupling of a 9-pool metabolic model with Euler-Lagrange CFD simulations. In this work, we outline how this coupled hydrodynamic-metabolic modeling can be utilized in 5 steps. (1) A model response study with a fixed...

Current and future trends in topology optimization for additive manufacturing

Manufacturing-oriented topology optimization has been extensively studied the past two decades, in particular for the conventional manufacturing methods, for example, machining and injection molding or casting. Both design and manufacturing engineers have benefited from these efforts because of the close-to-optimal and friendly-to-manufacture...

Germanene on single-layer ZnSe substrate: Novel electronic and optical properties

In this work, the structural, electronic and optical properties of germanene and ZnSe substrate nanocomposites have been investigated using first-principles calculations. We found that the large direct-gap ZnSe semiconductors and zero-gap germanene form a typical orbital hybridization heterostructure with a strong binding energy, which shows...

High-Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanosized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) materials enabling high rate performance suffer from a large specific surface area and low tap density lowering the cycle life and practical energy density. Microsized LTO materials have high density which generally compromises their rate capability. Aiming at combining the favorable...

Simultaneous photocatalytic and microbial degradation of dye-containing wastewater by a novel g-C₃ N₄ -P₂₅ /photosynthetic bacteria composite

Azo dyes are very resistant to light-induced fading and biodegradation. Existing advanced oxidative pre-treatment methods based on the generation of non-selective radicals cannot efficiently remove these dyes from wastewater streams, and post-treatment oxidative dye removal is problematic because it may leave many byproducts with unknown...

A highly selective and stable ZnO-ZrO₂ solid solution catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol

Although methanol synthesis via CO hydrogenation has been industrialized, CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol still confronts great obstacles of low methanol selectivity and poor stability, particularly for supported metal catalysts under industrial conditions. We report a binary metal oxide, ZnO-ZrO₂ solid solution catalyst,...

A novel capsule-based selfrecovery system with a chloride ion trigger

Steel is prone to corrosion induced by chloride ions, which is a serious threat to reinforced concrete structures, especially in marine environments. In this work, we report a novel capsule-based selfrecovery system that utilizes chloride ions as a trigger. These capsules, which are functionalized via a smart response to chloride ions, are...

Influence of assortativity and degree-preserving rewiring on the spectra of networks

Newman’s measure for (dis)assortativity, the linear degree correlation coefficient ?D, is reformulated in terms of the total number Nk of walks in the graph with k hops. This reformulation allows us to derive a new formula from which a degree-preserving rewiring algorithm is deduced, that, in each rewiring step, either increases or decreases ?D...

Influence of assortativity and degree-preserving rewiring on the spectra of networks

The Effect of Peer Selection with Hopcount or Delay Constraint on Peer-to-Peer Networking

Peer Selection with Hopcount and Delay Constraint

We revisit the peer selection problem of finding the most nearby peer from an initiating peer. The metrics to assess the closeness between peers are hopcount and delay, respectively. Based on a dense graph model with i.i.d regular link weight, we calculate the probability density function to reach a peer with minimum hopcount and asymptotically...