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Vandersypen, L.M.K. (author), Elzerman, J.M. (author), Schouten, R.N. (author), Willems van Beveren, L.H. (author), Hanson, R. (author), Kouwenhoven, L.P. (author)We observe individual tunnel events of a single electron between a quantum dot and a reservoir, using a nearby quantum point contact (QPC) as a charge meter. The QPC is capacitively coupled to the dot, and the QPC conductance changes by about 1% if the number of electrons on the dot changes by one. The QPC is voltage biased and the current is...journal article 2004
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Zhang, L.X. (author), Leburton, J.P. (author), Hanson, R. (author), Kouwenhoven, L.P. (author)We show that the design of a quantum point contact adjacent to a quantum dot can be optimized to produce maximum sensitivity to single-electron charging in the quantum dot. Our analysis is based on the self-consistent solution of coupled three-dimensional Kohn-Sham and Poisson equations for the quantum circuit. We predict a detection sensitivity...journal article 2004
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Elzerman, J.M. (author), Hanson, R. (author), Willems van Beveren, L.H. (author), Vandersypen, L.M.K. (author), Kouwenhoven, L.P. (author)We demonstrate a method for measuring the discrete energy spectrum of a quantum dot connected very weakly to a single lead. A train of voltage pulses applied to a metal gate induces tunneling of electrons between the quantum dot and a reservoir. The effective tunnel rate depends on the number and nature of the energy levels in the dot made...journal article 2004