A new empirical complex electrical resistivity model

Macroscopic measurements of electrical resistivity require frequency-dependent effective models that honor the microscopic effects observable in macroscopic measurements. Effective models based on microscopic physics exist alongside with empirical models. We adopted an empirical model approach to modify an existing physical model. This provided...

Electric characterization of layered sand and clay under continuous fluid flow conditions: Experiments and data analysis for frequencies between 100 kHz and 3 MHz

As geophysicists we are interested in the capabilities of electromagnetic methods for exploration, characterization, and monitoring of the subsurface. For frequencies below 1 MHz, the electromagnetic field is primarily diffusive, rendering the method very little resolving power. For this reason the resistivity values of layered structures cannot...

Hysteresis in the nonmonotonic electric response of homogeneous and layered unconsolidated sands under continuous flow conditions with water of various salinities, 100 kHz to 2 MHz

We measured the electric parameters for four different configurations of unconsolidated homogeneous and layered sands as a function of frequency, water saturation, and salinity under fluid flow conditions. Our objective is to determine if the effect of heterogeneities at scales much smaller than the skin depth can be captured by introducing...