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Koppen, S. (author), van der Kolk, M. (author), van den Boom, S.J. (author), Langelaar, Matthijs (author)Real-world structural optimisation problems involve multiple loading conditions and design constraints, with responses typically depending on states of discretised governing equations. Generally, one uses gradient-based nested analysis and design approaches to solve these problems. Herein, solving both physical and adjoint problems dominates...journal article 2022