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Lyu, Tianshuai (author), Dorenbos, P. (author), Wei, Zhanhua (author)Discovering bismuth based smart materials that can respond to thermal, mechanical, and wide range X-ray to infrared photon excitation remains a challenge. Such materials have various uses like in advanced information encryption. In this work, valence state change between Bi<sup>2+</sup>, Bi<sup>3+</sup>, and Bi<sup>4+</sup>, and the dual role...journal article 2024