Landslide hazard assessment: Hydro-meteorological thresholds in Rwanda

For the development of regional landslide early warning systems, empirical-statistical thresholds are of crucial importance. The thresholds indicate the meteorological and hydrological conditions initiating landslides and are an affordable approach towards reducing people’s vulnerability to landslide hazards. This thesis defined different...

Measuring horizontal groundwater flow with distributed temperature sensing along cables installed with direct-push equipment

The pressure on groundwater systems, especially in coastal regions, increases as the population rapidly grows. In these regions, management of water tables and fluxes is important to minimize droughts, salt-water intrusion, and flooding. Proper management of such groundwater systems requires knowledge of how groundwater responds to water...

Field Experiments and Reactive Transport Modeling of Subsurface Arsenic Removal in Bangladesh

The principle of Subsurface Arsenic (As) Removal (SAR) is to extract anoxic groundwater, aerate it and reinject it. Oxygen in the injected water reacts with iron in the resident groundwater to form hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Dissolved As sorbs onto the HFO, which allows for the extraction of groundwater with lower As concentrations.

Water and chemical budgets of gravel pit lakes: Case studies of fluvial gravel pit lakes along the Meuse River (The Netherlands) and coastal gravel pit lakes along the Adriatic Sea (Ravenna, Italy)

Gravel pit lakes form when gravel is excavated from below the water table of a phreatic or shallow confined aquifer. Typically many of these lakes are concentrated along naturally occurring sedimentary gravel deposits in areas where gravel is needed for construction. Most gravel pit lakes are relatively young features: most are less than 50...

Tunnel valleys: Genetic models, sedimentary infill and 3D architecture

During its geological history, earth has experienced several periods of extreme cold climate. During these glaciations, ice sheets covered large parts of the globe. Because of the erosive power of flowing meltwater and ice, deep incisions, such as fjords, are an important aspect of the glacial environment. This thesis covers one specific type of...