Dynamic Digital Twin: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prediction, and Prevention of Disease During the Life Course

A digital twin (DT), originally defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset, system, or process, is a new concept in health care. A DT in health care is not a single technology but a domain-adapted multimodal modeling approach incorporating the acquisition, management, analysis, prediction, and interpretation of data, aiming to...

A 10-bit, 771 nW Time-Mode ADC with a 2-Step TDC for Bio-Signal Acquisition

In this paper, we present the design of a low-voltage, low-power, and small-area time-mode ADC (TM-ADC) for bio-signal sensing applications. The proposed time-mode ADC (TM-ADC) consists of a programmable oversampling ratio (OSR), voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO) based analog-to-time converter (ATC), followed by an asynchronous unfolded...

A Chip Integrity Monitor for Evaluating Moisture/Ion Ingress in mm-Sized Single-Chip Implants

For mm-sized implants incorporating silicon integrated circuits, ensuring lifetime operation of the chip within the corrosive environment of the body still remains a critical challenge. For the chip's packaging, various polymeric and thin ceramic coatings have been reported, demonstrating high biocompatibility and barrier properties. Yet, for...

An energy efficient time-mode digit classification neural network implementation

This paper presents the design of an ultra-low energy neural network that uses time-mode signal processing). Handwritten digit classification using a single-layer artificial neural network (ANN) with a Softmin-based activation function is described as an implementation example. To realize time-mode operation, the presented design makes use of...

A Chip Integrity Monitor for Evaluating Long-term Encapsulation Performance Within Active Flexible Implants

One key obstacle in employing silicon integrated circuits in flexible implants is ensuring a long-term operation of the chip within the wet corrosive environment of the body. For this reason, throughout the years, various biocompatible insulating materials have been proposed, yet, evaluating their long-term encapsulation performance on...

11 nW Signal Acquisition Platform for Remote Biosensing

This paper presents the design of an extremely low-energy biosensing platform that utilizes voltage to time conversion and time-mode signal processing to sense and accommodate electrophysiological biosignals that will be later sent remotely using a simple and low power communication scheme. The electrode input is fed to a chain of monostable...

Energy efficient sampling and conversion of bio-signals using time-mode circuits

With the continuous developments in science and engineering, specifically in the fields of electronics and manufacturing, implantable electronic devices have become a reality during the last decades. Implantable electronic devices have hard design constraints: 1) As small size as possible to reduce tissue damage, 2) Minimum heat generation to...

An Energy-Efficient Multi-Sensor Compressed Sensing System Employing Time-Mode Signal Processing Techniques

This paper presents the design of an ultra-low energy, rakeness-based compressed sensing (CS) system that utilizes time-mode (TM) signal processing (TMSP). To realize TM CS operation, the presented implementation makes use of monostable multivibrator based analog-to-time converters, fixed-width pulse generators, basic digital gates and an...

An Asynchronous Pipelined Time-to-Digital Converter Using Time-Domain Subtraction

This paper presents the design of a low-power asynchronous pipelined time-to-digital converter (AP-TDC) to be employed in a time-domain signal processing system. The presented AP-TDC utilizes two novel concepts, namely time-domain subtraction and absolute value based algorithmic conversion. The design and <br/>simulation of the AP-TDC is done...