- document
-
Bal, Frans (author), Vleugel, J (author)Climate change is related with weather extremes, which may cause damages to infrastructure used by freight transport services. Heavy rainfall may lead to flooding and damage to railway lines, roads and inland waterways. Extreme drought may lead to extremely low water levels, which prevent safe navigation by inland barges. Wet and dry periods may...journal article 2023
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Densely populated areas are major sources of air, soil and water pollution. Agriculture, manufacturing, consumer households and road traffic all have their share. This is particularly true for the country featured in this paper: the Netherlands. Continuous pollution of the air and soil manifests itself as acification, decalcification and...conference paper 2023
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, F (author)Rail freight transport is a key economic activity; many businesses and people rely on it. It should be available when needed and efficient in use. There are however factors that may reduce the availability and quality of a rail freight service offering. A distinction can be made between what may be called systemic factors, like congestion,...conference paper 2022
- document
-
Bal, Frans (author), Vleugel, J (author)Many countries have enhanced their air quality agenda (NOx, PMx etc.) by a climate change agenda (CO2 etc.). A direct way to lower these emissions is by using less energy (fuel) per activity. One of these activities is freight transport. Transport from supplier to factory relies on efficient and cost-effective means of transport. Road...journal article 2021
- document
-
Bal, Frans (author), Vleugel, J (author)In a world where the population and many economies are expanding rapidly the demand for freight transport keeps rising accordingly. As more goods are transported by a growing number of freight vehicles, in particular trucks and sea vessels, their already considerable negative environmental impact also rises. Technology advances, but demand...journal article 2020
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Modern societies rely on mass mobility, in particular by private car. Car numbers are growing worldwide due to economic and other factors. Nearly, all have engines that run on fossil fuels. Use of fossil fuels contributes to climate change (via CO <sub>2</sub>-emissions) and local air pollution (primary NO <sub>x</sub>- and PM <sub>10</sub>...journal article 2019
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Tourism is a fast-growing key industry, which provides an economic rationale for governments to stimulate it. The more it grows, the higher the negative environmental effects and the more the use of space, resources, pollution and travel. Sustainable tourism aims to strike a balance between the environmental, economic and social effects of...journal article 2019
- document
-
Bal, F (author), Vleugel, J (author)Road transport offers important logistic benefits at a reasonable cost for producers and consumers, hence its large market share. But, its use of diesel or gas generates large volumes of Co2, nox and pm10 (among others). Higher emission standards and demand for greener transport call for alternatives. literature analysis, a simulated Dutch...journal article 2018
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Climate change mitigation calls for a massive reduction in CO2-emissions from human sources. A primary human source is combustion of fossil fuels. Transport by road is one of the major and growing users of fossil fuels worldwide. Private cars with internal combustion engines dominate our roads. This paper discusses the feasibility of aligning...conference paper 2018
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Regional goods delivery fulfils an essential socio-economic function, in particular, in dense urbanized areas in countries like The Netherlands. Shippers (producers or traders), transport service providers, businesses and private households favour road transport, because of logistic and financial reasons. Delivery and pick-up vehicles are mainly...journal article 2018
- document
-
Bal, Frans (author), Vleugel, J (author)Overland transport of goods mainly goes by road. Road freight transport, trucking in particular, has a large share in the energy consumption, CO2-emissions and air pollution by human activities. This will become an even bigger issue with the expected massive growth of road freight transport.<br/>Climate change mitigation asks for a major...conference paper 2017
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Many people live in cities today. Many more will do so in future. This increases the demand for space and (space for) transport. Space to expand roads is usually scarce. Building tunnels or elevated bridges is very expensive. Solving one bottleneck creates a next bottleneck downstream. More road infrastructure leads to more cars and more cars to...conference paper 2017
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Many people live in cities today. Many more will do so in future. This increases the demand for space and (space for) transport. Space to expand roads is usually scarce. Building tunnels or elevated bridges is very expensive. Solving one bottleneck creates another bottleneck downstream. More road infra- structure leads to more cars and more cars...journal article 2017
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Een autonome auto bestond al in een droombeeld van GM in de VS rond 1940. Zo’n 40 jaar verder, in 1977, reed de eerste autonome auto uit een Japans lab. Sinds decennia wordt door ingenieurs gewerkt aan systemen die de autobestuurder overbodig kunnen maken. De stap van zelf rijden naar vanzelf rijden wordt door autofabrikanten ingeleid door in...conference paper 2016
- document
-
Vleugel, J (author), Bal, Frans (author)Producing more electricity from alternative sources may help to reach four goals: reduce CO2- and other emissions, compensate for depleting resources, reduce political dependency and replace an ageing and inefficient infrastructure. Billions of Euros have to be spent in ‘grey’ or ‘green technology to secure a reliable future supply of...book chapter 2016
- document
- Bal, F. (author), Vleugel, J.M. (author) journal article 2015
- document
-
Bal, F. (author), Vleugel, J.M. (author)Ruim een eeuw na de uitvinding van de automotor zien we nu de derde poging om elektrische aandrijving voor (personen)auto’s aan de man of vrouw te brengen. Het gaat inmiddels om een groeiend aantal automodellen en varianten in kleine series. De impact van een beperkt aantal van deze auto’s op de maatschappij en het milieu is daarmee nog beperkt....conference paper 2015
- document
-
Vleugel, J.M. (author), Bal, F. (author)Transport vehicles contribute to the on going rise in emissions of CO2 worldwide and emit large amounts of NOx and PM10. The growing demand for container transport is only sustainable if transport becomes ‘greener’. There are innovations, which unite economic and environmental interests. One example it the ongoing increase in ship size, which...conference paper 2015
- document
-
Vleugel, J.M. (author), Bal, F. (author)Rail intermodal services are an alternative to all-road services if the average transport time offered by these services is at least comparable. One of the determinants of transport time is how well actors in the transport chain cooperate. In this paper it is shown that substantial improvements in rail transport time are possible if these actors...journal article 2012