Categorization of formulas for calculation of crack width and spacing in reinforced concrete elements

Over the last century, over one hundred crack width formulas have been developed to calculate the width and spacing of cracks in reinforced and prestressed concrete elements. It is unclear which formulas are the most accurate. An extensive comparison study is required to determine which formulas accurately describe the crack patterns,...

Flat Slabs in Eccentric Punching Shear: Experimental Database and Code Analysis

Eccentric punching shear can occur in concrete slab–column connections when the connection is subjected to shear and unbalanced moments. Unbalanced moments occur in all floor slabs at the edge and corner columns. As such, this problem is of practical relevance. However, most punching experiments in the literature deal with concentric punching...

Reliability-based calibration of design code formulas: Application to shear resistance formulas for reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement

This paper presents a reliability-based calibration method for design code formulas. The method is demonstrated on the shear design formulas in Eurocode 2 and fib Model Code 2010 (MC2010). We found that the partial factor (Formula presented.) in the current Eurocode 2 is about 20% lower than the optimal value and, thus, provides an...

Parametric Study on the Applicability of AASHTO LRFD for Simply Supported Reinforced Concrete Skewed Slab Bridges

Simplified code provisions can be used for the analysis and design of straight slab bridges. However, several studies question the appropriateness of simplified procedures for skewed geometries. This paper provides practical insights to the designer regarding the effects of skewness in reinforced concrete slab bridges by evaluating how...

Postdiction of the Flexural Shear Capacity of a Deep Beam Without Stirrups Using NLFEM

A recent contest of shear tests modelling was carried out in 2019. Teams from universities and consultancies around Europe were invited to predict the shear capacity of two reinforced concrete beams. The basics of the numerical models were to be set up according the Dutch NLFEM Guideline RTD 1016–1:2017. In the contest, two reinforced...

Recommendations for the shear assessment of reinforced concrete slab bridges from experiments

Upon assessment of existing reinforced concrete short-span solid slab bridges according to the recently implemented Eurocodes that include more conservative shear capacity provisions and heavier axle loads, a number of these structures were found to be shear-critical. The results from recent experimental research on the shear capacity of slabs...

The Integration of EIS parameters and bulk matrix characterization in studying reinforced cement-based materials

Corrosion in reinforced concrete is a major and costly concern, arising from the higher complexity of involved phenomena on different levels of material science (e.g. electrochemistry, concrete material science) and material properties (macro/micro/ nano). Reinforced cement-based systems (e.g. reinforced mortar and concrete) are multi-phase...

The integration of eis parameters and bulk matrix characteristics in studying reinforced cement-based materials

Corrosion in reinforced concrete is a major and costly concern, arising from the higher complexity of involved phenomena on different levels of material science (e.g. electrochemistry, concrete material science) and material properties (macro/micro/ nano). Reinforced cement-based systems (e.g. reinforced mortar and concrete) are multi-phase...

Shear stresses around circular cylindrical openings

In this paper stress concentrations are studied around circular cylindrical openings or voids in a linear elastic continuum. The loading is such that a uniform shear stress occurs in the continuum, which is disturbed by the opening. The shear stress is in the direction of the centre axis of the opening. The stress distribution has been...

Combined effect of fibers and steel rebars in high performance concrete

In this paper a brief overview on the effect of tension stiffening in normal strength concrete and High Performance Fiber Concrete (HPFC) is given. On the basis of an existing model, several simplifications are proposed to describe the post-cracking performance of HPFC, and a simplified model for practical application is developed. This model is...

Investigation of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection in Reinforced Concrete. II: Properties of Steel Surface Layers

The present study explores the formation of corrosion products on the steel surface (using as-received low carbon construction steel) in reinforced concrete in conditions of corrosion and subsequent transformation of these layers in conditions of cathodic protection (CP).

Investigation of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection in Reinforced Concrete. I: Application of Electrochemical Techniques

The electrochemical behavior of steel reinforcement in conditions of corrosion and cathodic protection was studied, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared to reference (noncorroding) conditions. Polarization resistance (PR) method and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) were employed as well, in addition to ac 2 pin...

Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructural Analysis, and Morphological Observations in Reinforced Mortar Subjected to Chloride Ingress

The behavior of steel reinforcement was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization resistance (PR) techniques in conditions of chloride-induced corrosion in ordinary Portland cement-mortar specimens immersed in 7% NaCl for a test period of 120 days and compared to specimens immersed in demineralized water for the...

Computational modelling of chloride ion transport in reinforced concrete

Exposure to a saline environment is a major threat with respect to the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The chloride ions, which are present in seawater and de-icing salts, are able to penetrate the concrete up to the depth of the reinforcement. They can eventually trigger a pitting corrosion process. The assessment of a corrosion...

Aspects of Robust Computational Modeling for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

The problems commonly encountered in the numerical analysis of reinforced structures are often related to biaxial stress states in the structure. In this study this problem is solved with the formulation of a composite plasticity model which describes both cracking and crushing of concrete within the framework of plasticity theory. The other...