Berm breakwater structures: Final report: Research summary

A research project on berm breakwater structures was carried out with the overall objective of arriving at a better design basis. Eight European organisations from Denmark, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway, Italy and Iceland participated in the joint research project co-sponsored by the European Commission under the second research and...

Stresses in tetrapod armour units introduced by wave action

in this study an analysis concerning the pulsating and impact portion of the tensile stresses inside tetrapod armour units is presented. The data has been obtained from a series of small scale model tests performed at Delft Hydraulics. Stresses have been measured using a load cell technique developed and made available by Coastal Engineering...

Design formula for tetrapod breakage

The paper presents a design formula for Tetrapod armour on a 1:1.5 slope exposed to head-on random wave attack The formula predicts the relative number of broken Tetrapods as function of: the mass of the Tetrapods, the concrete tensile strength and the wave height in front of the structure. Thus, the formula addresses the observed problem of...

Berm breakwater structures: Dynamically stable structures and their natural response to wave attack

Wave interaction with dynamically stable structures is studied by means of a verified numerical model. The model can simulate wave motion on and in permeable structures. For dynamically stable structures, including gravel beaches, berm breakwaters and reef-type structures, a procedure is developed to simulate the natural response to wave attack....