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Kardakova, A. (author), Finkel, M. (author), Morozov, D. (author), Kovalyuk, V. (author), An, P. (author), Dunscombe, C. (author), Tarkhov, M. (author), Mauskopf, P. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Goltsman, G. (author)We report on the direct measurement of the electron-phonon relaxation time, ?eph, in disordered TiN films. Measured values of ?eph are from 5.5?ns to 88?ns in the 4.2 to 1.7?K temperature range and consistent with a T?3 temperature dependence. The electronic density of states at the Fermi level N0 is estimated from measured material parameters....journal article 2013
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Peltonen, J.T. (author), Astafiev, O.V. (author), Korneeva, Y.P. (author), Voronov, B.M. (author), Korneev, A.A. (author), Charaev, I.M. (author), Semenov, A.V. (author), Golt'sman, G.N. (author), Ioffe, L.B. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Tsai, J.S. (author)We demonstrate evidence of coherent magnetic flux tunneling through superconducting nanowires patterned in a thin highly disordered NbN film. The phenomenon is revealed as a superposition of flux states in a fully metallic superconducting loop with the nanowire acting as an effective tunnel barrier for the magnetic flux, and reproducibly...journal article 2013
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Janssen, R.M.J. (author), Baselmans, J.J.A. (author), Endo, A. (author), Ferrari, L. (author), Yates, S.J.C. (author), Baryshev, A.M. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We demonstrate photon noise limited performance in both phase and amplitude readout in microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) consisting of NbTiN and Al, down to 100 fW of optical power. We simulate the far field beam pattern of the lens-antenna system used to couple radiation into the MKID and derive an aperture efficiency of 75%. This...journal article 2013
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Coumou, P.C.J.J. (author), Driessen, E.F.C. (author), Bueno, J. (author), Chapelier, C. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We have studied the electrodynamic response of strongly disordered superconducting TiN films using microwave resonators, where the disordered superconductor is the resonating element in a high-quality superconducting environment of NbTiN. We describe the response assuming an effective pair-breaking mechanism modifying the density of states and...journal article 2013
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Fedorov, G. (author), Kardakova, A. (author), Gayduchenko, I. (author), Charayev, I. (author), Voronov, B.M. (author), Finkel, M. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Morozov, S. (author), Presniakov, M. (author), Bobrinetskiy, I. (author), Ibragimov, R. (author), Goltsman, G. (author)We report on the voltage response of carbon nanotube devices to sub-terahertz (THz) radiation. The devices contain carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are over their length partially suspended and partially Van der Waals bonded to a SiO2 substrate, causing a difference in thermal contact. We observe a DC voltage upon exposure to 140?GHz radiation....journal article 2013
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Westig, M.P. (author), Selig, S. (author), Jacobs, K. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Honingh, C.E. (author)In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally the implementation of a niobium-trilayer junction with an aluminum-oxide tunnel barrier, embedded in a high-gap superconducting niobium-titanium-nitride circuit. Previously reported heating by quasiparticle trapping is removed by inserting a normal metal layer of gold between the niobium junction and...journal article 2013
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Endo, A. (author), Sfiligoj, C. (author), Yates, S.J.C. (author), Baselmans, J.J.A. (author), Thoen, D.J. (author), Javadzadeh, S.M.H. (author), Van der Werf, P.P. (author), Baryshev, A.M. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We experimentally demonstrate the principle of an on-chip submillimeter wave filter bank spectrometer, using superconducting microresonators as narrow band-separation filters. The filters are made of NbTiN/SiNx/NbTiN microstrip line resonators, which have a resonance frequency in the range of 614-685?GHz, two orders of magnitude higher in...journal article 2013
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- Van Doorn, F.A.P. (author), Klapwijk, R. (author) conference paper 2013
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Ranjan, V. (author), De Lange, G. (author), Schutjens, R. (author), Debelhoir, T. (author), Groen, J.P. (author), Szombati, D. (author), Thoen, D.J. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Hanson, R. (author), DiCarlo, L. (author)We study spin relaxation and diffusion in an electron-spin ensemble of nitrogen impurities in diamond at low temperature (0.25–1.2 K) and polarizing magnetic field (80–300 mT). Measurements exploit field-controlled coupling of the ensemble to two modes of a transmission-line resonator. The observed temperature-independent spin relaxation time...journal article 2013
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Kloosterman, J.L. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Ren, Y. (author), Kao, T.Y. (author), Hovenier, J.N. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Hu, Q. (author), Walker, C.K. (author), Reno, J.L. (author)We report on a heterodyne receiver designed to observe the astrophysically important neutral atomic oxygen [OI] line at 4.7448?THz. The local oscillator is a third-order distributed feedback quantum cascade laser operating in continuous wave mode at 4.741?THz. A quasi-optical, superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer is used as the mixer. We...journal article 2013
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Driessen, E.F.C. (author), Coumou, P.C.J.J. (author), Tromp, R.R. (author), De Visser, P.J. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We probe the effects of strong disorder (2.4<kFl<8.6) on superconductivity in thin films of niobium titanium nitride and titanium nitride by measuring the microwave electrodynamics in coplanar waveguide resonators. We find a gradual evolution of the electromagnetic response with disorder, deviating from BCS theory, for both materials. This...journal article 2012
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Ren, Y. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Hovenier, J.N. (author), Cui, M. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Shi, S.C. (author), Kao, T.Y. (author), Hu, Q. (author), Reno, J.L. (author)We demonstrate an experimental scheme to simultaneously stabilize the frequency and amplitude of a 3.5 THz third-order distributed feedback quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator. The frequency stabilization has been realized using a methanol absorption line, a power detector, and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) loop. The amplitude...journal article 2012
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Vercruyssen, N. (author), Verhagen, T.G.A. (author), Flokstra, M.G. (author), Pekola, J.P. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We study the nonlinear response of current transport in a superconducting diffusive nanowire between normal reservoirs. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the existence of two different superconducting states appearing when the wire is driven out of equilibrium by an applied bias, called the global and bimodal superconducting states...journal article 2012
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Hortensius, H.L. (author), Öztürk, A. (author), Zeng, P. (author), Driessen, E.F.C. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)Antenna-coupled suspended single carbon nanotubes exposed to 108?GHz microwave radiation are shown to be selectively heated with respect to their metal contacts. This leads to an increase in the conductance as well as to the development of a power-dependent DC voltage. The increased conductance stems from the temperature dependence of tunneling...journal article 2012
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Hortensius, H.L. (author), Driessen, E.F.C. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Berggren, K.K. (author), Clem, J.R. (author)We demonstrate experimentally that the critical current in superconducting NbTiN wires is dependent on their geometrical shape, due to current-crowding effects. Geometric patterns such as 90? corners and sudden expansions of wire width are shown to result in the reduction of critical currents. The results are relevant for single-photon detectors...journal article 2012
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De Visser, P.J. (author), Baselmans, J.J.A. (author), Yates, S.J.C. (author), Diener, P. (author), Endo, A. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We have measured the number of quasiparticles and their lifetime in aluminium superconducting microwave resonators. The number of excess quasiparticles below 160?mK decreases from 72 to 17??m?3 with a 6?dB decrease of the microwave power. The quasiparticle lifetime increases accordingly from 1.4 to 3.5?ms. These properties of the superconductor...journal article 2012
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Ren, Y. (author), Hovenier, J.N. (author), Cui, M. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Shi, S.C. (author), Kao, T.Y. (author), Hu, Q. (author), Reno, J.L. (author)We report frequency locking of two 3.5-THz third-order distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by using methanol molecular absorption lines, a proportional-integral-derivative controller, and a NbN bolometer. We show that the free-running linewidths of the QCLs are dependent on the electrical and temperature tuning coefficients....journal article 2012
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Endo, A. (author), Van der Werf, P. (author), Janssen, R.M.J. (author), De Visser, P.J. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Baselmans, J.J.A. (author), Ferrari, L. (author), Baryshev, A.M. (author), Yates, S.J.C. (author)An integrated filterbank (IFB) in combination with microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs), both based on superconducting resonators, could be used to make broadband submillimeter imaging spectrographs that are compact and flexible. In order to investigate the possibility of adopting an IFB configuration for DESHIMA (Delft SRON High...journal article 2012
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De Visser, P.J. (author), Baselmans, J.J.A. (author), Diener, P. (author), Yates, S.J.C. (author), Endo, A. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)We present measurements of quasiparticle generation-recombination noise in aluminium Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, the fundamental noise source for these detectors. Both the quasiparticle lifetime and the number of quasiparticles can be determined from the noise spectra. The number of quasiparticles saturates to 10 ?m?3 at temperatures...journal article 2012
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Janssen, R.M.J. (author), Endo, A. (author), Baselmans, J.J.A. (author), De Visser, P.J. (author), Barends, R. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)The sensitivity of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) based on coplanar waveguides (CPWs) needs to be improved by at least an order of magnitude to satisfy the requirements for space-based terahertz astronomy. Our aim is to investigate if this can be achieved by reducing the width of the CPW to much below what has typically been made...journal article 2012