- document
-
Li, Y. (author), Cai, Wei (author), Kana, A.A. (author)This paper introduces a novel technique to design the level of service (LOS) for facilities or sub spaces of buildings for the purpose of evacuation planning. LOS is a standard qualitative indicator used to describe flow characteristics in a pedestrian environment. Some evacuation planners use LOS to help determine the network parameters when...journal article 2019
- document
-
Birhanu, A. (author), Masih, I. (author), van der Zaag, P. (author), Nyssen, J. (author), Cai, X. (author)Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are continuous phenomena, often driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. In Ethiopia, a conversion of forest and grass lands into cultivated and urbanized lands has been reported. While such changes are known to have multidirectional impacts on river flows, erosion and sedimentation, and the socio...journal article 2019
- document
-
Xiong, Xiaoxia (author), Wang, M. (author), Cai, Yingfeng (author), Cheng, Long (author), Farah, H. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author)Measuring risk is critical for collision avoidance. The paper aims to develop an online risk level classification algorithm for forward collision avoidance systems. Assuming risk levels are reflected by braking profiles, deceleration curves from critical evasive braking events from the Virginia “100-car” database were first extracted. The...journal article 2019
- document
-
Lu, Xingyuan (author), Shao, Y. (author), Zhao, C.L. (author), Konijnenberg, A.P. (author), Zhu, Xinlei (author), Tang, Y. (author), Cai, Yangjian (author), Urbach, Paul (author)We propose and experimentally demonstrate a noniterative diffractive imaging method for reconstructing the complex-valued transmission function of an object illuminated by spatially partially coherent light from the far-field diffraction pattern. Our method is based on a pinhole array mask, which is specially designed such that the...journal article 2019
- document
-
Cai, H. (author), Toffolon, Marco (author), Savenije, Hubert (author), Yang, Qingshu (author), Garel, Erwan (author)When different tidal constituents propagate along an estuary, they interact because of the presence of nonlinear terms in the hydrodynamic equations. In particular, due to the quadratic velocity in the friction term, the effective friction experienced by both the predominant and the minor tidal constituents is enhanced. We explore the...journal article 2018
- document
-
Schouhamer Immink, Kees A. (author), Cai, Kui (author), Weber, J.H. (author)We consider the transmission and storage of encoded strings of symbols over a noisy channel, where dynamic threshold detection is proposed for achieving resilience against unknown scaling and offset of the received signal. We derive simple rules for dynamically estimating the unknown scale (gain) and offset. The estimates of the actual gain...journal article 2018
- document
-
Yang, Ning (author), Yang, Daoguo (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Chen, Liangbiao (author), Liu, Dongjing (author), Cai, Miao (author), Fan, Xuejun (author)The effects of graphene stacking are investigated by comparing the results of methane adsorption energy, electronic performance, and the doping feasibility of five dopants (i.e., B, N, Al, Si, and P) via first-principles theory. Both zigzag and armchair graphenes are considered. It is found that the zigzag graphene with Bernal stacking has...journal article 2018
- document
-
Shao, Y. (author), Lu, Xingyuan (author), Konijnenberg, A.P. (author), Zhao, C.L. (author), Cai, Yangjian (author), Urbach, Paul (author)The complete characterization of spatial coherence is extremely di cult because the mutual coherence function (MCF) is a complex-valued function of four independent Cartesian coordinates. This di culty limits the ability to control and to optimize the spatial coherence in a broad range of key applications. Here we propose an e cient and...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cai, J. (author), Jiang, X. (author), Lodewijks, G. (author), Pei, Zhiyong (author), Wu, Weiguo (author)Numerical investigation is conducted in this paper on both intact and dented seamless metallic pipelines (diameter-to-thickness ratio D/t around 21), deploying nonlinear finite element method (FEM). A full numerical model is developed, capable of predicting the residual ultimate strength of pipes in terms of bending capacity (M<sub>cr</sub>)...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cai, J. (author), Jiang, X. (author), Lodewijks, G. (author), Pei, Zhiyong (author), Wu, Weiguo (author)The combination damage induced by mechanical interference, in reality, is more likely to happen. In this paper, numerical models on pipes with combined dent and metal loss in terms of a notch are developed and validated through tests (diameter-to-thickness ratio D/t of test pipes around 21), capable of predicting the residual ultimate...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cai, J. (author), Jiang, X. (author), Lodewijks, G. (author), Pei, Zhiyong (author), Wu, Weiguo (author)On the basis of an experimental investigation [1], numerical investigation is conducted in this paper on damaged seamless metallic pipelines with metal loss (diameter-to-thickness ratio D/t around 21) through nonlinear finite element method (FEM). Numerical models are developed and validated through test results by using the measured material...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cai, Z. (author), van Veldhoven, Robert (author), Suy, Hilco (author), de Graaf, G. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)This paper presents a readout circuit for a carbon dioxide (CO&#2082;) sensor that measures the CO&#x2082;-dependent thermal time constant of a hot-wire transducer. The readout circuit periodically heats up the transducer and uses a phase-domain &#x0394; &#x03A3; modulator to digitize the phase shift of the resulting...journal article 2018
- document
-
Li, Shengli (author), Liu, Y. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Cai, Hongming (author), Sun, Fenglian (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)In this study, SAC305 and SAC305-0.3Ni solder balls were soldered onto Cu, high temperature treated Cu (H-Cu) and graphene coated Cu (G-Cu) substrates, respectively. The microstructure, the interfacial reaction, and the hardness of the solder joints were investigated. The interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) is Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cai, J. (author), Jiang, X. (author), Lodewijks, G. (author)A dent is one of the main structural damages that may affect ultimate strength. In this paper, the residual ultimate strength of dented metallic pipes subjected to a bending moment is quantitatively investigated. The numerical model is developed accounting for the variation of the dent length (l<sub>d</sub>), dent depth (d<sub>d</sub>), dent...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cai, Z. (author), Rueda Guerrero, Luis E. (author), Louwerse, Alexander Mattheus Robert (author), Suy, Hilco (author), van Veldhoven, Robert (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)This paper reports a readout circuit capable of accurately measuring not only the resistance of a resistive transducer, but also the power dissipated in it, which is a critical parameter in thermal flow sensors or thermal-conductivity sensors. A front-end circuit, integrated in a standard CMOS technology, sets the voltage drop across the...journal article 2017
- document
-
Cai, Miao (author), Yang, Daoguo (author), Huang, J. (author), Zhang, Maofen (author), Chen, Xianping (author), Liang, Caihang (author), Koh, S.W. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author)The color coordinate shift of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps is investigated by running three stress-loaded testing methods, namely step-up stress accelerated degradation testing, step-down stress accelerated degradation testing, and constant stress accelerated degradation testing. A power model is proposed as the statistical model of the...journal article 2017
- document
-
Cai, H. (author), Savenije, H.H.G. (author), Jiang, C. (author), Zhao, L. (author), Yang, Q. (author)The mean water level in estuaries rises in the landward direction due to a combination of the density gradient, the tidal asymmetry, and the backwater effect. This phenomenon is more prominent under an increase of the fresh water discharge, which strongly intensifies both the tidal asymmetry and the backwater effect. However, the interactions...journal article 2016
- document
-
Cai, H. (author), Toffolon, Marco (author), Savenije, Hubert (author)An analytical model is used to investigate the resonant behavior in a semi-closed channel. The main integral quantities of the tidal wave are obtained by means of a linearized one-dimensional model as a function of three dimensionless parameters, representing cross-section convergence, friction and distance to the closed boundary. Arbitrary...journal article 2016
- document
-
Cai, Z. (author), van Veldhoven, Robert H.M. (author), Falepin, A. (author), Suy, H. (author), Sterckx, E. (author), Bitterlich, C. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author), Pertijs, M.A.P. (author)This paper reports a readout circuit for a resistive CO2 sensor, which operates by measuring the CO2-dependent thermal conductivity of air. A suspended hot-wire transducer, which acts both as a resistive heater and temperature sensor, exhibits a CO2-dependent heat loss to the surrounding air, allowing CO2 concentration to be derived from its...journal article 2016
- document
-
Jockel, P. (author), Tost, H. (author), Pozzer, A. (author), Kunze, M. (author), Kirner, O. (author), Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M. (author), Brinkop, S. (author), Cai, D.S. (author), Dyroff, C. (author), Eckstein, J. (author), Frank, F. (author), Garny, H. (author), Gottschald, K.D. (author), Graf, P. (author), Grewe, V. (author), Kerkweg, A. (author), Kern, B. (author), Matthes, S (author), Mertens, M (author), Meul, S. (author), Neumaier, M. (author), Nützel, M (author), Oberländer-Hayn, S (author), Ruhnke, R. (author), Runde, T. (author), Sander, R. (author), Scharffe, D (author), Zahn, A. (author)Three types of reference simulations, as recommended by the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), have been performed with version 2.51 of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts – Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model: hindcast simulations (1950–2011), hindcast simulations...journal article 2016