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- Vos, Hidde (author), Lombardi, Francesco (author), Joshi, Rishikesh (author), Schmehl, Roland (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author) conference paper 2024
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López Prol, Javier (author), de Llano Paz, Fernando (author), Calvo-Silvosa, Anxo (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Staffell, Iain (author)Climate change and geopolitical risks call for the rapid transformation of electricity systems worldwide, with Europe at the forefront. Wind and solar are the lowest cost, lowest risk, and cleanest energy sources, but their variability poses integration challenges. Combining both technologies and integrating regions with dissimilar generation...journal article 2024
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Staffell, Iain (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Johnson, Nathan (author)Correction to: Nature Energyhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01341-5, published online 14 September 2023. In the version of this article initially published, there was a typographical error in the third term of equation (2) in the Methods section, which now reads “S <sup>*</sup> = 100 + 7T, W <sup>*</sup> = 4.5 – 0.025T, H <sup>*</sup> = e ...journal article 2024
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Wu, F. (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Muller, Adrian (author)Bioenergy from energy crops is a source of negative emissions and carbon-neutral fuels in many 1.5/2 ∘C IPCC pathways. This may compete with other land uses. In contrast, ancillary biomass like by-products and waste is not primarily grown for energy and thus without land/food/feed competition. Here, we examine the availability and environmental...journal article 2024
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Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Energy system models do not represent natural processes but are assumption-laden representations of complex engineered systems, making validation practically impossible. Post-normal science argues that in such cases, it is important to communicate embedded values and uncertainties, rather than establishing whether a model is 'true' or 'correct'....journal article 2024
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Vos, Hidde (author), Lombardi, F. (author), Joshi, R. (author), Schmehl, R. (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Novel wind technologies, in particular airborne wind energy (AWE) and floating offshore wind turbines, have the potential to unlock untapped wind resources and contribute to power system stability in unique ways. So far, the techno-economic potential of both technologies has only been investigated at a small scale, whereas the most significant...journal article 2024
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- Vos, H.J. (author), Lombardi, F. (author), Joshi, R. (author), Schmehl, R. (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author) abstract 2024
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Wu, F. (author), Muller, Adrian (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Biomass is a growing renewable energy source in Europe and is envisioned to play a role for realising carbon neutrality, predominantly using dedicated energy crops. However, dedicated biomass is controversial for reasons including its competition with food production or its land-use and emissions impacts. Here we examine the potential role of a...journal article 2023
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Lombardi, F. (author), Pickering, Bryn (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Given the urgent need to devise credible, deep strategies for carbon neutrality, approaches for ‘modelling to generate alternatives’ (MGA) are gaining popularity in the energy sector. Yet, MGA faces limitations when applied to state-of-the-art energy system models: the number of alternatives that can be generated is virtually infinite; no...journal article 2023
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Wu, F. (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Bioenergy is currently a major renewable energy source in Europe but faces an unclear future because of conflicting modelling results and the lack of long-term policy. This paper identifies three challenges and potential opportunities by analysing bioenergy's historical national deployment, current policy support, and possible future roles in...review 2023
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Dekker, Mark M. (author), Daioglou, Vassilis (author), Pietzcker, Robert (author), Rodrigues, Renato (author), de Boer, Harmen Sytze (author), Dalla Longa, Francesco (author), Drouet, Laurent (author), Emmerling, Johannes (author), Fattahi, Amir (author), Fotiou, Theofano (author), Fragkos, Panagiotis (author), Fricko, Oliver (author), Gusheva, E. (author), Harmsen, Mathijs (author), Huppmann, Daniel (author), Kannavou, Maria (author), Krey, Volker (author), Lombardi, F. (author), Luderer, Gunnar (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Tsiropoulos, Ioannis (author), Zakeri, Behnam (author), van der Zwaan, Bob (author), Usher, Will (author), van Vuuren, Detlef (author)Energy models are used to study emissions mitigation pathways, such as those compatible with the Paris Agreement goals. These models vary in structure, objectives, parameterization and level of detail, yielding differences in the computed energy and climate policy scenarios. To study model differences, diagnostic indicators are common practice...journal article 2023
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Staffell, Iain (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Johnson, Nathan (author)Accurate modelling of the weather’s temporal and spatial impacts on building energy demand is critical to decarbonizing energy systems. Here we introduce a customizable model for hourly heating and cooling demand applicable globally at all spatial scales. We validate against demand from ~5,000 buildings and 43 regions across four continents. The...journal article 2023
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Conde Santos Borba, P. (author), Sousa, Wilson C. (author), Shadman, Milad (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)During atypical droughts, power systems with a heavy reliance on hydropower risk increased greenhouse gas emissions if they are balanced with fossil-fired generation. This work investigates the role of offshore wind energy in reducing the vulnerability of power systems dependent on such hydrological patterns, thereby eliminating this emission...journal article 2023
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McKenna, Russell (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Heinrichs, Heidi (author), Schmidt, Johannes (author), Staffell, Iain (author), Bauer, Christian (author), Gruber, Katharina (author), Hahmann, Andrea N. (author), Jansen, Malte (author), Klingler, Michael (author), Landwehr, Natascha (author), Larsén, Xiaoli Guo (author), Lilliestam, Johan (author), Pickering, Bryn (author), Robinius, Martin (author), Tröndle, Tim (author), Turkovska, Olga (author), Wehrle, Sebastian (author), Weinand, Jann Michael (author), Wohland, Jan (author)The rapid uptake of renewable energy technologies in recent decades has increased the demand of energy researchers, policymakers and energy planners for reliable data on the spatial distribution of their costs and potentials. For onshore wind energy this has resulted in an active research field devoted to analysing these resources for regions...review 2022
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Langer, J.K.A. (author), Simanjuntak, Sergio (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Jarquin Laguna, A. (author), Lavidas, G. (author), Polinder, H. (author), Quist, J.N. (author), Rahayu, Harkunti Pertiwi (author), Blok, K. (author)The current focus of offshore wind industry and academia lies on regions with strong winds, neglecting areas with mild resources. Photovoltaics' cost reductions have shown that even mild resources can be harnessed economically, especially where electricity prices are high. Here, we study the technical and economic potential of offshore wind...journal article 2022
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Aryandoust, Arsam (author), Patt, Anthony (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)An effective way to mitigate climate change is to electrify most of our energy demand and supply the necessary electricity from renewable wind and solar power plants. Spatio-temporal predictions of electric load become increasingly important for planning this transition, while deep learning prediction models provide increasingly accurate...journal article 2022
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Pickering, Bryn (author), Lombardi, F. (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Disagreements persist on how to design a self-sufficient, carbon-neutral European energy system. To explore the diversity of design options, we develop a high-resolution model of the entire European energy system and produce 441 technically feasible system designs that are within 10% of the optimal economic cost. We show that a wide range of...journal article 2022
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Süsser, Diana (author), Pickering, Bryn (author), Hülk, Ludwig (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author)Energy models are used to explore decarbonisation pathways and potential future energy systems. In this editorial, we comment on the importance of energy system modelling and open tools to inform policymaking in the context of the European Green Deal. We also summarise the seven contributions to the special collection on Energy Systems...contribution to periodical 2022
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Mühlemann, Dirk (author), Folini, Doris (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Wild, Martin (author), Wohland, Jan (author)Renewable generation variability over multiple days is a key challenge in decarbonizing the European power system. Weather regimes are one way to quantify this variability, but so far, their applications to energy research have focused on wind power generation in winter. However, the projected growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity implies...journal article 2022
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Chang, Miguel (author), Thellufsen, Jakob Zink (author), Zakeri, Behnam (author), Pickering, Bryn (author), Pfenninger, Stefan (author), Lund, Henrik (author), Østergaard, Poul Alberg (author)Energy system models are crucial to plan energy transition pathways and understand their impacts. A vast range of energy system modelling tools is available, providing modelling practitioners, planners, and decision-makers with multiple alternatives to represent the energy system according to different technical and methodological considerations...journal article 2021
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