Ripple reduction in piezoelectric micropumps by phased actuation in parallel and damping

Piezoelectric micropumps enable miniaturization in microfluidics for lab-on-a-chip applications such as Organs-on-chips (OoC). However, achieving a steady flow with these micropumps is a significant challenge because of the reciprocating motion of the displacing component. Although dampers are widely preferred for reducing ripples, they are not...