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Surkatti, Riham (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Hussein, Ibnelwaleed A. (author), El-Naas, Muftah H. (author)This study investigates the development of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel matrices for biomass immobilization in wastewater treatment. The PVA hydrogels were prepared through a freezing–thawing (F-T) cross-linking process and reinforced with high surface area nanoparticles to improve their mechanical stability and porosity. The PVA/nanocomposite...journal article 2024