A land-based controlled-source electromagnetic method for oil field exploration: An example from the Schoonebeek oil field

Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data are sensitive to the subsurface resistivity distribution, but 3D inversion results are ambiguous, and in-depth interpretation is challenging. Resolution and sensitivity analysis as well as the influence of noise on resolution have been used to quantify 3D inversion performance. Based on these...

Co-ownership shares in condominium: A comparison across jurisdictions and standards

Condominium is one of the prevalent forms of three- dimensional (3D) property rights (Paulsson, 2007, p. 32). The condominium concept common to a number of jurisdictions consists of three elements: (a) individual ownership of an apartment, (b) co-ownership (joint ownership) of the land and the common parts of the building, and (c) membership of...

Techniques and architectures for 3D interaction

Spatial scientific datasets are all around us, and 3D visualization is a powerful tool to explore details and structures within them. When dealing with complex spatial structures, interactive Virtual Reality (VR) systems can potentially improve exploration over desktop-based systems. However, from previous experience it was found that...

3D topography: A simplicial complex-based solution in a spatial DBMS

Current topographic products are usually limited to a real world representation in only two dimensions, extended with some additional point heights and contour lines. Many environmental issues require more precision than analysis on 2D models can offer. At the same time, vast amounts of 3D data are becoming available due to emerging new data...

Three dimensional rigorous model for optical scattering problems

We present a three-dimensional model based on the finite element method for solving the time-harmonic Maxwell equation in optics. It applies to isotropic or anisotropic dielectrics and metals, and to many configurations such as an isolated scatterer in a multilayer, bi-gratings and crystals. We shall discuss the applications of the model to high...