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Madadi, B. (author), Correia, Gonçalo (author)This study proposes a hybrid deep-learning-metaheuristic framework with a bi-level architecture for road network design problems (NDPs). We train a graph neural network (GNN) to approximate the solution of the user equilibrium (UE) traffic assignment problem and use inferences made by the trained model to calculate fitness function...journal article 2023
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Rahmani, S. (author), Baghbani, Asiye (author), Bouguila, Nizar (author), Patterson, Zachary (author)Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively used in a wide variety of domains in recent years. Owing to their power in analyzing graph-structured data, they have become broadly popular in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications as well. Despite their widespread applications in different transportation domains, there is no...journal article 2023