Land time-lapse CSEM: Collecting, modeling and inversion of CSEM data for a steam-injected oil field

Geophysical methods are widely used for hydrocarbon exploration and time-lapse measurements. One method that can be applied in place of or in addition to the routinely used seismic method, is the Controlled-Source ElectroMagnetic (CSEM) method. The work described in this thesis explores various aspects to improve the land CSEM method for...

Probing the solution space of an EM inversion problem with a genetic algorithm

In an inversion for the subsurface conductivity distribution using frequency-domain Controlled-Source Electromagnetic data, various amounts of horizontal components may be included. We investigate which combination of components are best suited to invert for a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) subsurface. We do this by probing the...

Sensitivity of the near-surface vertical electric field land Controlled-Source Electromagnetic monitoring

We investigate potential benefits of measuring the vertical electric field component in addition to the routinely measured horizontal electric field components in onshore time-lapse controlled-source electromagnetics. Synthetic electromagnetic data based on a model of the Schoonebeek onshore oil field are used. We confirm that the vertical...

Fast Frequency and Time Domain Integral Equation Modelling for Marine CSEM Applications

In this study we developed algorithms for fast frequency and time domain integral equation modelling for marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) applications. Solutions of integral equations for CSEM applications in a three-layered earth with an assumed reservoirs is examined using the conjugate gradient fast Fourier transformation (CG...

Controlled-Source Electromagnetics for Reservoir Monitoring on Land

The main goal of exploration geophysics is to obtain information about the subsurface that is not directly available from surface geological observations. The results are primarily used for finding potential reservoirs that contain commercial quantities of hydrocarbons. A number of possible geophysical methods exists these days to achieve such a...

Synthetic aperture controlled source electromagnetics

Controlled?source electromagnetics (CSEM) has been used as a de?risking tool in the hydrocarbon exploration industry. Although there have been successful applications of CSEM, this technique is still not widely used in the industry because the limited types of hydrocarbon reservoirs CSEM can detect. In this paper, we apply the concept of...