Impact of CO₂ hydrates on injectivity during CO₂ storage in depleted gas fields: A literature review

Carbon dioxide capture and storage in subsurface geological formations is a potential solution to limit anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and combat global warming. Depleted gas fields offer significant CO₂ storage volumes; however, injection of CO₂ into these reservoirs poses some potential challenges for the...

Quantitative assessment of earthquake-induced building damage at regional scale using LiDAR data

Regional-scale assessment of the damage caused by earthquakes to structures is crucial for post-disaster management. While remote sensing techniques can be of great help for a quick post-event structural assessment of large areas, currently available methods are limited to the detection of severely-damaged buildings. Furthermore, remote...

Properties and Processing of Aviation Exhaust Aerosol at Cruise Altitude Observed from the IAGOS-CARIBIC Flying Laboratory

The characteristics of aviation-induced aerosol, its processing, and effects on cirrus clouds and climate are still associated with large uncertainties. Properties of aviation-induced aerosol, however, are crucially needed for the assessment of aviation’s climate impacts today and in the future. We identified more than 1100 aircraft plume...

Direct Evidence of Salinity Difference Effect on Water Transport in Oil: Pore-Scale Mechanisms

Low salinity water flooding is a common technique for enhancing oil recovery; however, the mechanism behind the low-salinity effect, positive or negative, is still not fully understood. In the proposed mechanisms, osmosis and emulsification are considered as two potential reasons for explaining the oil remobilization, but the specific...

Lessons learned in coupling atmospheric models across scales for onshore and offshore wind energy

The Mesoscale to Microscale Coupling team, part of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmosphere to Electrons (A2e) initiative, has studied various important challenges related to coupling mesoscale models to microscale models for the use case of wind energy development and operation. Several coupling methods and techniques for generating...

Simulations and concepts for a 2-D spin-echo modulated SANS (SEMSANS) instrument

The spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) technique utilises a series of inclined magnetic fields before and after the sample to encode the scattering angle into the polarisation to obtain a much higher resolution than in conventional SANS. The analogous technique (spin echo modulated SANS (SEMSANS)) implements spin manipulations...

Assessment of sectoral greenhouse gas emission reduction potentials for 2030

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of greenhouse gas emission reduction potentials for 2030 based on the assessment of detailed sectoral studies. The overview updates a previous assessment that dates back more than ten years. We find a total emission reduction potential of 30-36 GtCO2e compared to a current-policies baseline of...

The accuracy of weather radar in heavy rain: A comparative study for Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden

Weather radar has become an invaluable tool for monitoring rainfall and studying its link to hydrological response. However, when it comes to accurately measuring small-scale rainfall extremes responsible for urban flooding, many challenges remain. The most important of them is that radar tends to underestimate rainfall compared to gauges....

Rising temperatures increase importance of oceanic evaporation as a source for continental precipitation

Understanding vulnerabilities of continental precipitation to changing climatic conditions is of critical importance to society at large. Terrestrial precipitation is fed by moisture originating as evaporation from oceans and from recycling of water evaporated from continental sources. In this study, continental precipitation and evaporation...

High-accuracy long distance measurements with a mode-filtered frequency comb

Homodyne interferometry with a frequency comb as multi-wavelength source is a powerful method to measure long distances with high accuracy. The measurement principle requires that individual comb modes are spectrally resolved, making hundreds or thousands of accurately known wavelengths available for interferometry. For this reason the method...

Evidence-based and data-driven road safety management

Over the past decades, road safety in highly-motorised countries has made significant progress. Although we have a fair understanding of the reasons for this progress, we don't have conclusive evidence for this. A new generation of road safety management approaches has entered road safety, starting when countries decided to guide themselves by...

Thiomicrospira halophila sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from hypersaline lakes

Occurrence, phylogeny and evolution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes in obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genera Thiomicrospira and Thioalkalimicrobium