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Revolutionizing safety and security in the chemical and process industry: applying the CHESS conceptReniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author), Khakzad, N. (author)This paper argues that a new concept, summarized as ‘CHESS’, should be used in the chemical industry to further substantially advance safety (where we use the term in a broad sense, that is, safety and physical security, amongst others). The different domains that need to be focused upon, and where innovative initiatives should be taken are...journal article 2017
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Khakzad, N. (author), Landucci, G. (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)The propagation of fire in chemical plants – also known as fire domino effects - largely depends on the performance of add-on passive and active protection systems such as sprinkler systems, water deluge systems, emergency shut down and emergency blow down systems, fireproofing, and emergency response. Although such safety barriers are widely...journal article 2017
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Shanks, Alan L. (author), Morgan, Steven G. (author), MacMahan, Jamie (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author)Larvae in the coastal ocean are transported toward shore by a variety of mechanisms. Crossing the surf zone is the last step in a shoreward migration and surf zones may act as semipermeable barriers altering delivery of larvae to the shore. We related variation in the structure of intertidal barnacle populations to surf zone width (surf zone...journal article 2017
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Fakhravar, D. (author), Khakzad, N. (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author), Cozzani, Valerio (author)Security of chemical and oil & gas facilities became a pressing issue after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, due to relevant quantities of hazardous substances that may be present in these sites. Oil & gas pipelines, connecting such facilities, might be potential targets for intentional attacks. The majority of methods addressing pipeline...journal article 2017
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Zhu, Zhengqiu (author), Chen, Bin (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author), Zhang, L. (author), Qiu, S. (author), Qiu, Xiaogang (author)The chemical industry is very important for the world economy and this industrial sector represents a substantial income source for developing countries. However, existing regulations on controlling atmospheric pollutants, and the enforcement of these regulations, often are insufficient in such countries. As a result, the deterioration of...journal article 2017
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Paltrinieri, Nicola (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)The accident that occurred in Seveso in 1976 changed our approach to risk assessment forever. For instance, it led to drafting specific European directives to prevent major accident hazards. Their focus is on industrial sites handling dangerous substances and denominated “Seveso sites”. Their operators have the obligation to provide specific...journal article 2017
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Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)This paper argues that a new paradigm is needed in the manufacturing industry to further substantially advance safety as part of the industry 4.0 concept. The different domains that need to be focused upon are Cluster-thinking and cooperation, High transparency and efficient inspections, Education and training, Security integration, and...journal article 2017
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Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)De tijd is gekomen dat antiterrorisme security een volwassen domein wordt in alle chemische bedrijven. De speeltijd is voorbij na de mislukte aanslagen in 2015 op een gasfabriek bij Lyon op 26 juni en een opslagtankfarm bij Marseille op 14 juli. Tot recent waren er de afgelopen decennia geen bekende aanslagen op chemische installaties in het...journal article 2016
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Khakzad, N. (author), Landucci, G (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)In the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on graph theory and multicriteria decision analysis for cost-effective fire protection of chemical plants subject to fire-induced domino effects. By modeling domino effects in chemical plants as a directed graph, the graph centrality measures such as out-closeness and betweenness...journal article 2016
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Mariano, A.J. (author), Ryan, E.H. (author), Huntley, H.S. (author), Laurindo, L.C. (author), Coelho, E. (author), Ozgokmen, TM (author), Berta, M. (author), Bogucki, D (author), Chen, S.S. (author), Curcic, M. (author), Drouin, K.L. (author), Gough, M (author), Haus, BK (author), Haza, A.C. (author), Hogan, P (author), Iskandarani, M (author), Jacobs, G (author), Kirwan Jr., A.D. (author), Laxague, N (author), Lipphardt Jr., B. (author), Magaldi, M.G. (author), Novelli, G. (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), Restrepo, J.M. (author), Smith, C (author), Valle-Levinson, A. (author), Wei, M. (author)The Grand LAgrangian Deployment (GLAD) used multiscale sampling and GPS technology to observe time series of drifter positions with initial drifter separation of O(100 m) to O(10 km), and nominal 5 min sampling, during the summer and fall of 2012 in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Histograms of the velocity field and its statistical parameters are...journal article 2016
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Gallagher, Edith (author), Wadman, Heidi (author), McNinch, Jesse (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), Koktas, Melike (author)Grain size on the surface of natural beaches has been observed to vary spatially and temporally with morphology and wave energy. The stratigraphy of the beach at Duck, North Carolina, USA was examined using 36 vibracores (~1-1.5 m long) collected along a cross-shore beach profile. Cores show that beach sediments are finer (~0.3 mm) and more...journal article 2016
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Zhou, Jianfeng (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)During an emergency response to an accident or disaster, emergency response actions often need to use various emergency resources. The use of resources plays an important role in the successful implementation of emergency response, but there may be conflicts in the use of resources for emergency actions. According to the emergency response in...journal article 2016
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Radermacher, M. (author), de Schipper, M.A. (author), Swinkels, Cilia M. (author), MacMahan, Jamie (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author)In recent years, the application of large-scale beach nourishments has been discussed, with the Sand Motor in the Netherlands as the first real-world example. Such protruding beach nourishments have an impact on tidal currents, potentially leading to tidal flow separation and the generation of tidal eddies of<br/>length scales larger than the...journal article 2016
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Goerlandt, Floris (author), Khakzad, N. (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is widely applied in several industries as a tool to improve safety, as part of design, licensing or operational processes. Nevertheless, there is much less academic research on the validity and validation of QRA, despite their importance both for the science of risk analysis and with respect to its practical...journal article 2016
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Khakzad, N. (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)Fires and explosions in chemical plants are still among the major accidents threatening human lives and causing huge asset losses. Although might not completely be eliminated, the risks of such accidents can be reduced by allocating safety measures, applying inherently safer design (ISD) methods, observing land use planning (LUP) regulations,...journal article 2016
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Argenti, F. (author), Landucci, G (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author)Acts of interference against chemical facilities or chemical clusters might result in severe consequences in case of a successful attack (major explosions, fires, toxic dispersions or environmental contamination). Although process facilities implement multiple safety barriers to control process hazards that may result in major accidents and...journal article 2016
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Application of cost-benefit analysis for the selection of process-industry related security measuresVilla, V. (author), Reniers, G.L.L.M.E. (author), Cozzani, Valerio (author)In the last few years, several accidental events have highlighted the importance of major manmade hazards,<br/>either accidental or deliberate by nature, within chemical and process facilities. Moreover, many plants are<br/>located in unstable geo-political areas, where the risk of major accidents triggered by external factors, such as<br/...journal article 2016
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Gough, M.K. (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), MacMahan, JH (author), Howden, SD (author)The inertial frequency is nearly diurnal at 30°N latitude which transects the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NeGoM). At this latitude, near-surface inertial oscillations can amplify due to resonance with diurnal wind forcing. Diurnal oscillations have also been attributed to diurnal tidal forcing in this region. Because tidal forcing, wind forcing...journal article 2016
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van Rooijen, A.A. (author), McCall, R.T. (author), van Thiel De Vries, J.S.M. (author), van Dongeren, AR (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), Roelvink, D. (author)Aquatic vegetation in the coastal zone attenuates wave energy and reduces the risk of coastal hazards, e.g., flooding. Besides the attenuation of sea-swell waves, vegetation may also affect infragravity-band (IG) waves and wave setup. To date, knowledge on the effect of vegetation on IG waves and wave setup is lacking, while they are potentially...journal article 2016
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Gawehn, M. (author), van Dongeren, AR (author), van Rooijen, A.A. (author), Storlazzi, C.D. (author), Cheriton, O.M. (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author)Very low frequency (VLF, 0.001–0.005 Hz) waves are important drivers of flooding of low-lying coral reef-islands. In particular, VLF wave resonance is known to drive large wave runup and subsequent overwash. Using a 5 month data set of water levels and waves collected along a cross-reef transect on Roi-Namur Island in the Republic of the...journal article 2016