Predicting the influence of combined oxygen and glucose gradients based on scale-down and modelling approaches for the scale-up of penicillin fermentations

In large scale fermentors the cultivated cells are exposed to dynamic changes in the nutrient concentrations due to imperfect mixing. Based on the characterization of these nutrient gradients in space and time, a rational scale down design can be obtained. This study focuses on the combined gradients of dissolved sugar and oxygen...